Kudler Accounting System Paper

Kudler Accounting System Paper Jon Lazar BSA/310 January 23, 2012 Jaclyn Krause Kudler Accounting System Paper These days it is especially important to pay attention to details when it comes to deciding if your accounting system is providing the kind of information that may be required of you to produce. I think legal requirements and government regulations are becoming more demanding as to what they expect to see if someone such as the I. R. S. were to show up and ask for an audit. I would like to talk a little about a few of the key features, core technology, benefits, and costs of installing and maintaining an efficient accounting system and some of the benefits it would be to your company, especially in areas where details are crucial. Like the existing accounting system that you have all probably gotten used to here at Kudler, a new accounting system would be set up the same way; by modules. Each module would be more comprehensive and attentive to details that have been apparently overlooked by the present system. In the way of features, I could say that it is the most important overall feature a new system could offer this company. New technology has provided for faster, more detailed and organized data auditing and reporting. This is essential in today’s business world to keep accurate, itemized data entries in order to satisfy government business regulations such as standards set by the I. R. S. Detailed information is especially critical for a company like Kudler, whose business transactions and data entry are performed by a single person. From an internal control standpoint, this isn't desirable. Having only one person, or even a few people doing all the accounting that has to be done in a lot of different areas, opens the door for fraud and embezzlement. Companies that employ more people assigned functions can structure tasks in such a way that those done by the same person don't pose a control threat. Realizing that for smaller companies, a lot of people in the accounting department may not be practical, and/or cost effective, systems have been developed for use with fewer people staffing them and still maintaining security. The internal control structure that can be installed in a new accounting system will help eliminate security risks through mechanics and procedures rather than expensive people (â€Å"Accounting – Basic Accounting Components of the Accounting System†,  2003). There are several top rated Core Accounting programs that would fulfill the needs of your accounting department. Weak areas and areas of concern with the existing system include inventory and ordering control, and the way employees punch in and out for work. Presently, there is no systematic way of ordering supplies other than when a store runs low, an order is placed to share between the three stores. If one of the stores should experience a slow period, overstocking could very well become a problem, especially when freshness of their products is one of Kudler’s trademarks. An inventory control feature within the core program can automatically analyze, predict supply needs for a set delivery date, and actually place the order for each individual store saving lots of time and expense. The process in which employees punch in and out of work and the process it goes through just to get to the payment agency seems very time consuming for Kudler. A payroll processing feature of a new accounting system would record data such as name, date, time, employee number, etc. from a card that an employee would swipe upon signing in or out, process the employee’s personal financial information and then send that information to a printing station to print out the physical checks or send that information to the employee’s bank for direct deposit. Kudler needs a system that is up to date with speed, and technology to be able to produce reliable up to date, detailed account of all transactions made in the form of itemized and organized reports. If it is the intention for Kudler Fine Foods to grow, it must have a system that can grow with it. I do not believe Exel spreadsheets with its time consuming manual entries will be able to keep up with the growth of the company. Replacing the XLX with a SQL database will give the company connect-ability to send and receive data updating reports and balancing finances all in real time. The total cost would include hardware and software upgrades to the main servers as well as each POS at each store. The cost will include the time it takes to install, program, and test the new system. The cost will also include a basic training program and online support along with materials warrantees and our guarantee of customer satisfaction in both product and service. In closing I can only say that the benefits of a new accounting system would surely in the long run outweigh the modest cost of installing a new system. In business, time is money so saving time is saving money, and in this day and age where attention is given to detail, and details can either cost you money or save you money, there is only one logical choice. References: Accounting – Basic Accounting Components of the Accounting System. (2003). Retrieved from http://www. businesstown. com/accounting/basic-components. asp

Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama

Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama The economy of the 1930s was a devastating financial situation that the American public will never forget. However, this doesn’t mean that history will cease to repeat itself. The political policies of Franklin Delano Roosevelt are often acknowledged for the relief of our country’s depression and some of which are still in effect today. To avoid our current recession, will Barack Obama choose to base his policies off of FDR’s in hopes that the same plan will work twice?There are some similarities and differences between the political action today and the action during the Great Depression. Within just the first 99 days of his election as President, Roosevelt’s New Deal was put into action with the support of Congress. The New Deal was proposed to help relieve those who were unemployed or in danger of losing their homes and recover agriculture and business. Programs such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, Social Securi ty, and Medicare were created because of Roosevelt’s action in the Great Depression.Herbert Hoover, the preceding president, did not feel that government spending should be given directly to citizens. He believed that ‘helping’ the American people in this way would actually hurt their morale and cause them to become more like a socialist nation. Certain ideas such as enforcing fixed pricing, controlling businesses, and manipulating the value of currency were suggested and quickly declined by Hoover who believed all were Socialist ideas. Though many people saw Hoover as an evil man that refused to give away federal money, he was actually quite accurate with his predictions.For example, Welfare, which is a program used today that was created in the New Deal, is often misused today by people who are capable of working, but are too lazy to actually make their own income source. I believe that a lot of Americans today are spoon fed because of the government ‘hel p’ that they receive. Though Roosevelt did help in the Great Depression, his temporary ideas were turned into permanent solutions that have caused new damages today. Now our current President is forced with the decision to either help the public with temporary ideas like Roosevelt’s or look out for what is best for our future like Hoover.It’s not an easy decision. Barack Obama has made an impact in our economy in areas similar to Franklin Roosevelt. He has created jobs and packages, like Obamacare, that he believes will help American citizens. Obama helped bail out the auto industries similar to how Roosevelt helped bail out the banks during the depression. However, Barack passed the Wall Street Reform (which helped the American financial system be less confusing and more apparent) to make sure that we would never have to bail out the banks again.Barack has also eliminated tax breaks for companies who ship overseas to try and promote American companies to create more jobs for the citizens who are here. In his term, Obama has added over 479,000 jobs which is the most growth we’ve had in a decade. He has spoken many times on how he plans to build â€Å"from the middle class out† rather than from the top down. Our middle class is of high importance to Barack and because of this, he has gained a tremendous support from the public.It seems that our current president has taken a few ideas from Roosevelt with the added caution of the foreseeable future. Our country looks like it’s headed in the right direction, but we may never know whether the help provided will be temporary until we live through it. As citizens, it would be the best for us to learn how to live on our own without the help of our government. If we were to become too dependent on our welfare checks or social security, then we could end up being controlled instead of governing ourselves.The best solution would to be to save our money and work hard at what we do . Though it may seem that there are no jobs available to us at the moment, we do have to trust that the companies around us will see it better to provide domestic jobs rather than sending them overseas. Though I don’t entirely agree with how Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to solve the Great Depression, I have to admit that what he did he thought he was doing for the best. Great presidents like Obama, Roosevelt, and even Hoover are great because they think of us and not themselves.

The rule of nutrition in bone health

Bone has chief regulation of the organic structure portion. All mass are carried with aid of bone otherwise mass is merely like a fabric. You can give illustration fabric has non prize without put fabric on organic structure. Just merely bone is supplying aid for traveling, walking, dancing and other of import function in life. Your bone is healthy or weak depends on your life manner and diet. If you are taking regular exercising and it is besides provide good energy diet. Bone is growing merely 10-18 twelvemonth old ages period. In that ages immature are along energy and good diet every bit good as supply a strong bone. In Egypt clip 2000 BC dry grapes raisin was used as intervention. Old clip from wall paintings shows that raisin was obsessional and Mediterranean and Europe used as ornament that epoch. In ancient clip raisin was extremely awards who demand worship topographic points with them and used them currency converted better alteration and as awards for athleticss events. In 1900 century modern universe California as popular san jacqium vale is produced commercial degree raisin. Raisin is a extremely good energy consumed and provides a good wellness for bone. Homeostasis is the care of a normal internal environment within organic structure. This stableness is of import for normal operation of cell tissue, organ, protein and many other substances have to be maintained at concentration including electrolytes, H2O, Na, Ca, P and Mg. Normally psychological and biochemical mechanism to modulate and command and command concentration to hemeostatic control involve negative feedback mechanism. Homeostasis upset can happen usually as failure consequence to command mechanism. Nutrition has chief function and lack for bone wellness. Your weight is checked through BMI under weight and bone is a controversial function for bone wellness. If your weight is reduced it means your nutrition diet did non provide adequate energy for bone wellness. Mass extremum bone is referred genetically for bone denseness bone. In age 20 every adult females have a batch of opportunity to develop osteoporosis disease. Bone is weak and a batch of lack due to non good care f oods. Good foods are supplying good wellness of bone. Homoeostasis ‘ is merely explicating for care nutrient and bone. Foods are indispensable factors for bone wellness otherwise castanetss are traveling to weak twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and develop to opportunity osteoporosis. Lifestyle and exercising is besides of import function for bone wellness. Bone is healthy depends on the age. In childhood is develop to strong bone in whole life. Healthy and exercising to supplying a strong and healthy bone. Exercise is taking fresh Ca, protein and metamorphosis during exercising clip to supply for healthy castanetss. Factor exercising is besides assisting to cut down autumn strength factor, addition flexibleness and balance and better flexibleness. During clip of exercising is supplying physical activity and receive messages they need strong and able to work. Bone wellness benefit is long term footing if you are taking regular exercising. It is besides of import function bone strength and care musculus. Important dietary for bone wellness: Protein and Ca is of import drama function in bone mass gaining. During under nutrition, deficient Calories including vitamin and protein can different in brace bone development. Growth factor IGF-1 is activated action when low protein intake can be determined for skeleton musculus by formation of bone mass. Bone mineral component is soaking up in bowel to excite for factor. Phosphorus and Ca via an addition in the deliberate nephritic production hormonal signifier vitamin D. although pubertal mutant and growing factor to in pair production of IGF-1 due to intake low protein is caused to cut down for bone development. That ‘s why we find a positive association between bone mass to derive in kids and protein intake during dietetic consumption. We have a given adequate illustration from research on bone development in striplings and kids so that recommendation for bone growing and striplings in kids. Calcium soaking up is taken in balance diet with high degree of Na and protein t o increase degree Ca elimination through kidney low Ca consumption are avoided to inordinate sum of these substances. Calcium consumption can be demo the manner unequal lactose intolerance. Those who are intolerant lactose have adequate sum of lactose enzyme. Dietary dairy merchandise is breakdown and to acquire lactose or you can take lactose as pills. Some diary company to provide a milk merchandise have been treated with lactose. We have ever problem to acquire adequate consumption Ca addendums. We can acquire calcium obtain to depend how much you can dietary beginnings nutrient to provide different compounds Ca for illustration Ca citrate and Ca carbonate. The organic structure wants within Ca soaking up to acquiring adequate vitamin D of the Clairol Ca. Calcium soaking up from dietetic is to turn deficient soaking up. The chief job is calcium consumption to hive away in the skeleton musculus to consequence for new bone formation and bone wellness. Deficiency Ca, P and vitamin Calciferol: Calcium is required for bone and teeth construction, the release of neurotransmitter and initiated of musculus contraction as a cofactor for curdling factor, some enzyme activities and it is besides integral intracellular 2nd courier for a figure of endocrines. Calcium is of import for bone mass formation. The normal dietetic consumption 25 mmol Ca in one twenty-four hours is chief dietetic addendum by the soaking up of Ca from GI subdivision. Normally we released 25mmol Ca through fecal matters. Calcium is the most often dietetic mineral 25000mmol in one kg contain Ca. Bone is consist 99 per centum of Ca. About 500 mmol Ca is day-to-day transferred through ECF and bone. The ECF contain usually 25 mmol of Ca and plasma is present 9 mmol of Ca. Parathyroid endocrine is secreted by the parathyroid secretory organs is response to a autumn of concentration of plasma ionised Ca and via versa. It stimulates the release of Ca from bone. A procedure called bone response. Cytokines and prosta glandins ‘ released by tumors that have metastasized to the castanetss may take to increased Ca Restoration of Ca. In primary hyperparathyroidism occurs most normally due to a parathyroid adenoma, which is begin tumors, and merely seldom due to parathyroid postmenopausal adult females. In primary hyperparathyroidism there is inordinate PTH secernment that causes hypocalcemia and sometimes hypophostemia which increased bone turnover peculiarly of the metaphases. Familiar hypocalciuric hypocalcemia is a normal autosomal dominant status that develops from childhood. It is chronic hypocalcemia feature but it is normally symptomless with usually PTH degree and no parathyroid adenoma. The mechanism underlying this status in known but TB and sacoidosis are granulomatous disease. Phosphorous combine Ca to from hydroxyapatite, the mineral constituent of dentitions and bone and it is requirement enzymatic activity, synthesis of 2-3-byphosphoglycerate and oxidative phosphorylastion and all membrane dependability. In the mean male is incorporating 20000 mmol with 17000 discoveries in bone and 3000 in soft tissue mostly attached with protein and lipid. Hyperphosphatemia may do metastatic calcification for illustration Ca P deposition in soft tissue as the extra Ca precipitates and cause hypocalcemia and colossus in accomplished patient. Nephritic failure is chief cause of hyperphosphatemia where GFR and phosphate diminution. There is different type of biochemical trials to utile when look intoing hyperphosphatemia. These include formative the phosphate and Ca concentration and serum keratinize and the concentration of phosphate piss. The undermentioned technique has proved utile probe obscure cause of hyperphosphatemia. A deficiency of vitamin D impairs mineralization of matrix bone doing rachitiss in kids and osteomacia in grownup. Ricketss result in malformations of the legs that bow due to organic structure tallness, weight, skull, ribs and pelvic girdle. During 1950 rachitiss was first clip discovered in UK by munition of infant nutrients with vitamin D. unluckily some susceptible kids suffer vitamin D toxicity and developed hypocalcemia. As an result the sum of vitamin D added to nutrient was reduced and rackets reappeared. Overt rickets is now rare in UK although subclinical rachitiss affect about 10 per centum of immature kids. Osteomalacia cause strivings in bone particularly of the legs and pelvic girdle and there is an increased susceptibleness to break of the long legs following minor injury. It is non uncommon in the uk particularly among adult females of some cultural parts because of their deficiency of exposure to sunlight during solitude and the erosion of traditional apparels. Exces s of vitamin D is once more, mostly associated with the overconsumption of vitamin addendums. Toxicity is due to overstimulation of Ca soaking up from the backbones and the inordinate Restoration from the bone which consequence in its demineralisation. The weakening of the bone and hypocalcemia promote metastatic calcification and inclination in the patient to organize kidney rock. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a disease on the patient BMD degree as uttered T in every bit adult females and work forces. There are different pin autumn to explicate for osteoporosis degree. Osteoporoses are given information for bone, strength and non explicate for bone denseness. Osteoporosis has a intervention and bar to maintenance bone wellness and nutrition has play of import function for biological procedure. Calcium and P has of import regulation to usually 90 percent mineral content in bone. Organic matrix protein is incorporated in bone collagen upon with mineral content occurs. Metabolic procedure in bone is chief function for vitamin. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/19/6/715 There are different phases for bone growing in adult females throughout in lives. A adult females has foremost two decennary bone are growing both breadth and length. In immature adult females is develop bone mass to travel PBM. Calcium is chief function for bone wellness and at least 300 mg per twenty-four hours. At the accomplishment of teenage old ages, bone continues to increase in denseness and thickness into immature maturity, when PBM is achieved. It has been assumed that persons with higher PBM achieved in early in-between age will be at minor hazard for merely get downing osteoporosis later in life. Ethnity: In UK 3 million people are effected osteoporosis and at least 23000 breaks every twelvemonth. In immature adult females, kids and work forces can besides consequence on menopausal castanetss are strongest and thickness in early immature age. Asiatic population demographic displacement with aging are increased osteoporosis in modern states. Osteoporosis epidemiology information and break fragile in Asian is thin and X raies are limited service in most Asiatic states. Normative informations population for bone denseness are less lactation, para, nutrition position, ethnity and business are few factor to impact bone denseness in this part and VITAMINE D lack job in all over the universe. In UK and world-wide osteoporosis are chief factors to personify loss and eating upset. Bone mass is associated with low bodyweight in immature people and hazard break and bone loss in older individual. Calcium, P and vitamin are chief alimentary to supply strong bone and thickness otherwise low weight to symbol of weak bone. Women and immature misss are at punctilious hazard of convert scraggy due to inordinate concern stay slim. In Asiatic and African community are less job for osteoporosis due to eating upset but besides have job for weak bone. In 3rd states have increased degree osteoporosis because food has a lack of chief food? 92 states as 94 societies, part around the universe are member of IOF. These society both medical society and patient are worked in the broad scope for osteoporosis. Many information patient offer, run self group and telephone are given osteoporosis patient. Bone wellness and food: Bone is reduced and less denseness weight to explicate osteoporosis disease. The castanetss can go delicate and porous, or weak skeleton and a batch of hazard of breaks. The bone loss occurs increasingly and saliently and most normally at the spinal column, carpus and hip are first break without any symptoms. Normally 5 work forces is out 50 has break due to osteoporosis and different ratio 3 adult females out of 50. Thymine is besides fact on your life manner, good wellness, and good nutrition and genetically has become cause of the breaks of the bone. Healthy bone and balance diet is besides depend on the good nutrition and good diet consist adequate Calories and normal protein, saccharide and fat every bit good as other mineral and vitamin. In adolescences kids good nutrient to assist for strong bone and it has less opportunity to impact osteoporosis chronic disease. In older and immature people, alimentary nutrient is supplying strong bone. It is besides aid for recovery break re ally rapidly. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iofbonehealth.org/osteofound/filemanager/patients_and_public/images/food.jpg Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iofbonehealth.org/patients-public/about-osteoporosis/prevention/nutrition.html Atkins diet was introduced in 1930 with good food and less fat nutrient. Atkins diet has received excessively much popularity and one of this most popular of those diet with saccharide and tonss of vitamin. Atkins diet with include cereals nutrient and tonss of fresh veggie and fruit. Alternatively eat generous sum of domestic fowl, meat, pick and butter. Carbohydrate is advancing insulin to assist for care for wellness. The organic structure is response to rapidly by using stored animal starch for energy and cut downing organic structure weight and besides aid for strong bone wellness. The plan for a typical Atkins diet consists of four stage ‘s debut, ongoing weight loss, premaintenance and a concluding life clip maintence phase. A good diet is besides forestalling for merely like osteoporosis disease and besides provides a strong and good wellness castanetss. Foods are dwelling of vitamin, protein, hint component and Ca nutrient. Calcium and phosphoric are besides chief part s of the bone. Bone strong and weak is depending on Ca and phosphoric concentration in bone cell. Exercise, diet, lifestyle and other factors: Exercise is chief function for bone wellness. If you are making day-to-day everyday exercising to helpful for older age. In immature age is supplying good healthy castanetss and long life castanetss. Exercise is taking fresh Ca, protein and metamorphosis during exercising clip to supply for healthy castanetss. Factor exercising is besides assisting to cut down autumn strength factor, addition flexibleness and balance and better flexibleness. During clip of exercising is supplying physical activity and receive messages they need strong and able to work. Bone wellness benefit is long term footing if you are taking regular exercising. It is besides of import function bone strength and care musculus. Life manner is besides of import factors to supplying strong musculus and healthy bone. Nutrient has chief portion for life style if you are taking good nutrient. It means to state you are taking every good food for supplying strong and healthy castanetss. Less foods diet is besides create a tonss of disease for illustration weak bone racket disease, osteoporosis and lack Ca and phosphoric disease. Drinking is really bad wont to lose your wellness and every bit good as bone wellness. Healthy castanetss are supplying a good wellness. Drinking is loss immature metabolic metamorphosis to make a tonss of job in your wellness. Medicine is besides damage your bone and besides damage kidney, liver and other parts of the organic structure. Smoke is more bad consequence for your bone. Bone is loss day-to-day wellness and failing. Your bone is more failing merely like an 80 old ages old individual. Smoke is less heal to retrieve for break bone and it is besides loss your bone mineral salt. Vitamin D is chief function for bone wellness. You must take half hr sunlight energy to supply to do vitamin D. Eating upset is chief factor for bone wellness. You can non take any good food for your bone wellness because cistron is damage your harm your nutrient food. Some physicians intervention for osteoporosis is preferred merely drug intervention non other intervention. During intervention is supplying good nutrient which consists is a batch of mineral and vitamin.

Islamophobia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Islamophobia - Essay Example This has made people be afraid and resent Islam even more. In the past one week, news has been abuzz with the killing of two Islamic gunmen. The two were shot on Sunday 3rd May 7, 2015 at a contest dubbed â€Å"Draw Muhammad†, which was taking place at Garland in Texas. The art exhibit and cartoon contest was being hosted by the American Freedom Defense Initiative, led by Pamela Geller, who is the founder of the group. Their main objective was to sensitize the public about Islam. People were asked to draw â€Å"Muhammad†, a common Muslim name, to depict a Muslim person in their lives. The incident led to the injury of a security guard manning the place. According to International Business Times, 2015, American Muslim activists have strongly come out saying that they are even more resolute on taking on anti-Islam prejudice after the incident. This is because, according to them, such incidences of violence only show how much there is a need for sensitization and creativity on ways to stop the growing Islamophobia in America. The y argue that the condemnation by the leaders in the community is not enough, and more is needed in order to stop the violence and killings of innocent people. The Texas cartoon contest was attended by at least two hundred people when men armed with guns started shooting. The ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks. Reports indicate that it is still unclear how the gunmen are linked to the Islamic state. Activists insist that hate will not help stop hate and violence. They say that with the creation of more peaceful ways of countering the bigotry against Muslims, which have been increasing in the recent years, more will be achieved. It is now a reality that the Islamic state (ISIS) is everywhere, even in the United States. The thought that many citizens are aware of the past violent deeds and the terror attacks experienced all over the world by the infamous group has crippled many

Metro Recreation History Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metro Recreation History Assignment - Essay Example Abraham Lincoln is remembered in the U.S. history for the role he played in bringing to an end the institution of slavery. Lincoln was very vocal against slavery. His ascension to power prompted seven southern states to secede from the Union as a protest to presidents antislavery sentiments. Other four states followed suit later on prompting the start of the Civil War in 1861. In the course of the war, Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most signification speeches against slavery that is popularly referred to as the Emancipation Proclamation. The Congress approved an amendment abolishing slavery in the United States. Unfortunately, Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 soon after the war came to the end. However, his message against slavery was deeply entrenched in the American constitution and nobody could reverse that. The congress reached a unanimous decision two years later to build Lincoln’s memorial. Lincoln Monument Association was charged with this responsibility. The sit e of the memorial was decided in 1901 and approval of the $2 million Lincoln Memorial Bill was reached in 1911 under President Taft. The memorial was officially dedicated to Lincoln’s memorial in 1922 by retired President Taft. In 1963, during the civil rights movements led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the essence of this memorial was once again brought to light. Dr. King delivered the famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech which reminded American of the Emancipation Proclamation which was signed by Lincoln. King called on America to rise up and grant blacks their full freedom as envisioned by the degree. Since then, the memorial has become synonymous with freedom and equality for every person living in the United States of America. Recreation is described as an activity someone engages in during their leisure or free time. This time is always acknowledged for its ability to instil or redeem so social

Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cause and Effect - Essay Example In middle- and upper-class families, parents often encourage their children to be successful; indeed, many parents become too involved in their teenagers’ lives, pushing them to overachieve and not allowing them to live or accomplish life on their own. This not only causes stress in these teenagers’ lives, but it also causes them to often feel like they are falling short of their parents’ expectations. They begin to feel that they are not good enough, which leads to the teenager feeling depressed. When the teenager is unsuccessful in making their parents happy, they tend to take it out on themselves, often by telling themselves that they are worthless or helpless. Another way in which parents can cause depression in their teenagers is if they are going through a divorce, or are otherwise constantly fighting with one another, which puts undue stress on the younger members of their family. In many cases, especially after a divorce, teenagers feel as though they are at fault for the actions of their parents. Unfortunately, in many cases, these fears are not put to rest. During the teenage years, people are concerned with how others view them, which effects the way they view themselves. Pressure is put upon teenagers to act a certain way, aim for certain goals, look a specific way, et cetera.

Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quotation - Essay Example Why else would our government continue to allow tax breaks and subsidies to oil companies? These companies certainly do not need subsidies, yet they continue to get them. In the meantime, there are many poor people who rely on basic government services, and see these services being cut, year after year. It angers me that the money that is given to oil companies could be used for much better causes, and this is just one glaring example. Our health system is broken, in part because of the big lobbying money that is given by the health care industry and, especially, the pharmaceutical companies. Our Congress will not raise taxes on the wealthy, because of all the money that the wealthy gives these congressional representatives and senators to make sure that this doesn't happen. Sure, on the surface, we live in a democracy, but when one really gets down to it, we really don't – we increasingly live in a country that is by the wealthy and for the wealthy. As for the rest of the quo te, it does seem like this envisions a country that is a little bit less complex than our society. For instance, this quote talks about there being equal justice to all and alike. This might be true in some areas, not so much true in others. It is a common fact that African Americans represent, proportionally, a high percentage of our prison population, so this implies that justice is not always equal. Distinguished citizens might prefer public service, but they often do not, preferring to work for profit just like anybody else might. Poverty is an obstacle to advancement in this country, although there are some who work their way up from poverty, this is true. But if a person is in poverty, that person does have much longer odds in making it in this world than people who are not in poverty. They do not have the same educational opportunities, they do not have the advantage of a stable home many times, and they face prejudice and discrimination in their lives often because of who th ey are. So, while a man â€Å"may benefit his country whatever the obscurity of his condition,† this is often not true, more often than not. The quote that states that we are not angry with our neighbor if he does what he likes might be true in some cases - there certainly are a good share of people who are â€Å"live and let live† types. But there are others who make everybody else's business their own - if this were not true, then we would have gay marriage in all 50 states. Moreover, part of the quote implies that â€Å"we are prevented from doing wrong by respect for the authorities and the laws.† This is true for some, but certainly not true for all. This country certainly has its share of lawlessness, and this is true for most people - every time a person speeds in his or her car, they are technically breaking the law, and there is certainly crime that is rampant in this country as well. In short, this quote assumes that there is some kind of perfect count ry. Our country isn't perfect. It's messy, people commit crimes, others have to be in others' businesses, and there isn't enough attention to the poor. That said, this quote may also be seen as true for a certain percentage of the population, so this quote is not entirely true, nor entirely false. The next quote that will be examined will be quote number 10. This is that all men are created equal and they are endowed by

Social Security Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Security Program - Essay Example Both the States and the Federal Government had started to distinguish that certain dangers in an inexorably industrialized economy could best be met through a social protection methodology to open welfare. That is, the contributory financing of social protection projects might guarantee that security was accessible as a matter of great with an open assistance approach whereby just those persons in need might be qualified for profits. In the United States, as in most streamlined nations, social protection first started with specialists remuneration (Mathews, 2014). A Federal law coating non military person workers of the Government in risky employments was received in 1908, and the first State recompense law to be held sacred was ordered in 1911. By 1929, specialists compensation laws were basically in everything except four States. These laws made industry answerable for the expenses of remunerating specialists. Advancement of U.S. programs has been logical and incremental, formulate d because of particular issues, and portrayed by an incredible level of decentralization (Livingston, 2008). The Office of the Chief Actuary (OCACT) arranges and coordinates a system of actuarial gauges and examines relating to the SSA-managed retirement, survivors and handicap protection programs and supplemental security pay program and to anticipated changes in these projects. Evaluates operations of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund; gauges future operations of the trust stores; behaviors investigations of project financing; performs actuarial and demographic research on social protection and related system issues; and appraisals future workloads. Provides specialized and consultative administrations to the Commissioner, the Board of Trustees of those two Trust

Anatomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anatomy - Assignment Example In this case, the last pathway stage is seen to regenerate the compound that is used in first step. There are 8 steps of the cycle and all of them are redox, decarboxylation and dehydration reaction which yield two molecules of carbon dioxide, reduced forms of NADH and FADH2 and one GTP/ATP. The reaction is taken to be an aerobic pathway since the FADH2 and NADH produced are supposed to transfer their electrons to the pathway that is next in the system that will utilize oxygen. If this transfer does not take place, the citric acid cycle oxidation steps will as well not occur. It is noted that citric acid cycle generates very little ATP directly and it never utilize oxygen. The acetyl group in the citric acid cycle is attached to four molecules of carbon oxaloacetate to form a six carbon citrate molecule. Citrate is oxidized through a series of steps and in this case it releases 2 carbon dioxide molecules for every acetyl group fed into the cycle. In the due course, 3 molecules of NAD + are seen to be reduced to NADH, A molecule of FAD is reduced to FADH2 as well as one ATP (based on the type of cell) is generated (through substrate-level phosphorylation).Since the final citric acid cycle product is as well the reactant, the cycle is seen to run continuously in the presence of reactants that are sufficient (Aragon and Lowenstein, 1980). Condensation is the first step. In this case, the 2 carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with a molecule of 4 carbon oxaloacetate to generate a citrate molecule of 6 carbons. CoA is seen to be bound to a sulfhydryl group and it diffuses away and combines with another acetyl group. The step is known to be irreversible since it is highly exergenic.The reaction rate is regulated by the negative feedback and the available ATP amount. It there is an increase in ATP levels, the reaction rate will decrease. If it ATP is limited, the reaction

Detailed Explanation on a D+ Grade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Detailed Explanation on a D+ Grade - Essay Example I would like to clarify that I am not offering any excuses for my poor grade, just explanations that led to me performing so poorly in the unit. The fact that I passed in all the other units I took in the same semester is testament to my willingness to apply myself regardless of my personal troubles. The unit is very challenging, and it would be difficult for anyone to pass it without putting in the required hours. Poor time management was also very instrumental in the D+ grade I got, because I found it very challenging to dedicate enough time to all my units after being distracted for so long. I applied myself as much as I could in all my units but unfortunately this unit proved very challenging without 100% focus. I am applying for transfer because I believe I have a better chance of passing my remaining units at your University. The environment there is ideal for me and the facilities are great. Kindly consider my

Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lab Report - Essay Example Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces. This report stresses that Newtons laws find many applications in the life experiences for example, rocket and jet propulsion in which the third law is widely applied, garden sprinklers, firing guns, dynamic lift and balances of forces in helicopter among many applications. The major limitations of Newtons laws in motion is that they cannot be applied in objects travelling at the speed of light. Additionally newtons laws fail when they are applied to very small objects such as atomic and subatomic particles in which they fail in the concepts of quantum mechanics. This paper makes a conclusion that the free body diagrams enable one to set the problem properly and solve for the unknown forces that act on a body in real life situations. The diagrams learnt in this Lab are useful in understanding what is likely to happen to a body before applying the equations of motion. The distance time graphs are very useful in approximating various quantities such as the possible time one can take to travel from one place to another, the critical velocities and acceleration necessary to avoid accidents and crashes. Additionally, one is able to understand the conditions feelt when one uses an elevator system and the manufacturers of the elevators apply the knowledge while making and installing elevators.

Compare the two soliloquies of Act 2 scene 2 Essay Example for Free

Compare the two soliloquies of Act 2 scene 2 Essay In these two substantial speeches, the character of Hamlet Junior is revealed, and portrays a lot about the made-believe characters state of mind. Shakespeare, who has shown Hamlet to be aberrant, in a sense that he makes absurd remarks which no other character seems to understand, but in actual fact has a lot of meaning in them. At the beginning of the first soliloquy, Hamlets self hatred is exposed and Shakespeare emphasiss his isolation. He starts by saying, Now I am alone which is a cleaver use of language by Shakespeare, because it is a sort of pun. One meaning being that he is saying it literally and telling the audience he is talking to them, or he could in fact be referring to his close friends and family, trying to say that he is alone in society and doesnt have nobody he can rely on, or trust. This is because the only people in his life he thought he could trust have let him down. Gertrude, Ophelia and most importantly Claudius sit on top of his list. Hamlets self-hatred is shown when he says, o what a slave am I! He feels like he has betrayed his father for not believing him. Shakespeare shows the audience that he has low self-esteem for not taking his much promised revenge to the spirit of Hamlet Senior. This is because he asks the players to act out the death of his beloved father, and wait to see the reaction of Claudius. For this reason he starts to question his devotion to his father and goes on to say, Am I a coward? At this point he has no self-belief and has very negative thoughts of himself. This is merely due to him not taking action against Claudius. All this self-hatred and negative thoughts makes the character of Hamlet seem melancholy. Shakespeare shows Hamlets anger towards himself, just simply as his anger for the king switched onto himself. Hamlet goes on to say, who calls me villain plucks off my beard I should take it (lines 567-572). This is basically the character saying that, he should accept all the insults thrown at him, because he deserves it for being a coward. This makes the audience feel sorrow towards him and pity him. Shakespeare here has made Hamlet in the space of a few lines switch from sorrow to anger towards himself, because afterwards he goes on to say but I am pigeon-liverd, which is a person who is scared, this shows how much anger he has towards himself. He then goes onto taking the anger towards himself and turning it on his uncle. He refers to Claudius as remorseless treacherous lecherous kindless villain. Here Shakespeare releases Hamlets fury and rage by using curse words towards Claudius. This also shows that Gertrude and Claudius marriage frustrates him, and is a way for him to get it all off his chest. Before he unleashes his fury, his mind is suffocating as he has too much to keep to himself. Because as he releases all of his fury instantly he comes up with a plan and he starts to think straight. Shakespeare makes Hamlet end his soliloquy with two excellent lines as they rounds up the whole soliloquy; the plays the thing, wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King. This explains his idea because if the Kings guilt shows hell have more proof, and is also a positive sign as he starts to get a more stable state of mind. Also the last two lines are rhyming couplets and this is a technique used a lot by Shakespeare, as it is a sort of cue point for the actors and is used on long speeches. The second soliloquy Hamlet starts to question his existence. He again has a negative insight of himself, to be, or not to be. This is Shakespeare making Hamlet question his existence. It relates to the theme of seeming and being. Where Hamlet is asking himself if there is any point of him existing. This seems to be the case when Claudius and Polonius are spying on him. But when scrutinized it could be that Hamlet knows of the spying and is saying this just to confuse Claudius and Polonius more. This is very cleaver because although it seems like he is mad he is in actual fact not. This shows a lot about his state of mind because if he was still in denial and not thinking straight he would not be able to cleverly confuse Claudius and Polonius. Hamlet carries on talking about the theme of death and although he has got a lot of his problems off his chest he still is not totally focused and still has problems. He talks of taking arms against a sea of troubles which is an excellent metaphor used by Shakespeare as it gives the audience a picture in their minds. This basically means that problems are never ending and will go on forever. Hamlet is questioning weather one should take on all their troubles or just give up and die. Although Hamlets state of mind seems to be unstable it is actual fact at its best as he manages to make Claudius believe he is mad by talking of if he should die or not. Shakespeare makes Hamlet talk of this to deceive Claudius and although it seems like this is the only reason, it also refers to his life. Hamlet says, what dreams may come which means that if people knew what the afterlife was like would they suffer the whips and scorns of time. This is an excellent metaphor as it describes life by referring to time as being able to whip and having scorns. This builds up a strong image in the audiences head of a bad perception of life. This shows Hamlets intelligence and strong state of mind as he manages to express his feelings as well as making Claudius think he is mad. In conclusion Hamlet in the first soliloquy was emotionally unstable. Shakespeare has portrayed him like this to make the audience feel sorrow towards him. But towards the end of the speech he gets an idea after expressing his feelings aloud clearing his head, which allowed him to think straight. In the second soliloquy Hamlets state of mind is still a bit unstable because although he has expressed his feelings he still has the problem of Claudius to deal with. He felt a lot of self-hatred and anger and didnt know who to focus it on.

Violence Against Nurses In Psychiatric Health And Social Care Essay

Violence Against Nurses In Psychiatric Health And Social Care Essay Violence is currently prevalent in every sphere of social life. Nowadays, health care personnel are facing more harsh behaviours than ever before, here in Jordan. The rising rate of violence in health care settings has become a major problem for nurses. Nurses are at considerable risk of occupational (work-related) violence. Working primarily in psychiatric departments resulted in an increased risk for both physical assault and non-physical violence (Nachreiner, et al., 2007). Psychiatric health care providers have high rates of work place violence victimization, but yet little is known about the strategies used by them and their facilities to manage, reduce, and prevent violence (Peek-Asa, et al, 2009). Their presence in stressful situations such as incidents (violent incidents), suicide attempts, waiting to visit a doctor, or transfer of patients to another ward or another hospital exposes them to more abuse or harsh behaviour from patients, families, relatives and friends than oth er hospital staff (Kwak et al., 2006). The motivation of this paper stemmed from a recently news in the media reporting the increased incidents of violence and aggression faced by nurses in Jordanian hospitals. The media news prompted the author to reflect on current knowledge and understanding of these events in both in Jordan and around the world to make recommendations for managing reducing, and prevention of these events in the future. Recommendations for future research in this area were addressed also. Recommendations for future research will enable nurses to deepen their understanding of violence and aggression in psychiatric settings which in turn will lead to improved strategies, policy and practice leading to increased safety for nurses and patients. This paper was intended to be a commentary paper on the phenomena of violence in psychiatric settings; however, to comment on this phenomenon an extensive literature review was conducted and will be presented also. The paper design compared the violence with the cr ime. The perpetrator of this crime is the psychiatric or mentally ill patient, while the victim is the psychiatric/mental health nurse. The scene where the crime occurred is the psychiatric setting. The Aim This paper aims to provide a general understanding of the whole picture of violence against nurses in psychiatric settings. In order to achieve that, this paper addressed the following topics: (1) Recent epidemiology of episodes of violence in psychiatric words, (2) Defining violence and related concepts, types, and forms, (3) The perpetrator, (4) The victim, (5) Prevention of violent incidents, (6) Assessment of violence, (7) Management of violent episodes. Methods The following databases were searched: EBSCO host service databases (Academic Search complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL Plus), MEDLINE, Psychology and Behaviours Sciences Collection). These databases were searched for English language papers published between 1 January 2006 and 1 April 2011 using the key words violen* (violence or violent) and in-patient or psychiatric words or psychiatric settings. Limiters were used in each database to include and exclude certain studies. The search was limited to full text articles, available references articles , articles published between 1 January 2006 and 1 April 2011 in scholarly (peer reviewed) journals. Special limiters for Academic Search Complete were periodical publications, English language articles, and articles with PDF full text. Special limiters for CINAHL Plus were articles with available abstract, English language articles, research articles only, articles that considered humans only as research subjects, articles with at least one nurse author, studies conducted in inpatient settings only, and articles with PDF full text. Special limiters for MEDLINE were: articles with abstract available, English language articles, articles that considered humans only as research subjects, articles published in nursing Journals only. Only PDF full text articles were searched in psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. After completing search, 197 studies resulted. Most of them were included in this paper. However, some were not included because they did not respond to the objects of this paper. Some of studies in references lists of the resultant articles were also reviewed and included for epidemiological purposes even they are older than five years. Some of them were also used for critically reviewing the updated studies (à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¥5 years). Definitions Violence in the workplace can take various forms ranging from abusive language, threats, physical assaults, and even homicide (Wassell, 2009). There are many different definitions of violence. This section will define and differentiate between violence forms and forms. The world Health Organization (WHO) define violence as: The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevlopment, or deprivation (WHO, 2005, p.5). Work-related violence is any activity or event occurred in the work environment involve the international use of physical or emotional abuse against an employee, resulting in negative physical and emotional consequences (Nachreiner, et al., 2007). A less restrictive definition was the definition of Baron and Neuman; they define workplace violence as direct attacks which occur in the work place itself or within an organization (Baron Neumann, 1998). Physical assault is hitting, slapping, kicking, pushing, grabbing, sexually assaulted, or any type of physical contact aimed to injury or harm (Nachreiner et al.). A threat occurred when someone used words, gestures, or actions for freighting another one without attempting harm or injury (Nachreiner et al.). Sexual harassment occurred when one is a subject for any type of unwanted sexual behaviour (words or actions). (Nachreiner et al.). Verbal abuse is calling another person -must be associated with the name- with unfavourable words for the purpose of hurting emotionally injuring. Jenkins (1996) believes that even threat of physical violence is considered physical violence (Jenkins, 1996). WHO determined three types of violent acts: physical, sexual, and psychological (WHO, 2005, p.6). Violence and aggression are two interrelated concepts extensively studied in nursing literature. Although, they are not the same, nursi ng literature widely used them interchangeably. In this paper, violence and aggression will be used interchangeably. Epidemiology The risk of being subjected to violence among health staff is 16 times higher than in other occupational groups in the service sector (Kingma, 2001). There is an escalating alarming trend of all forms and types of violence towards nurses in health care settings (Whelan, 2008). Nurses are at the highest rates of nonfatal workplace assault and violent victimization in all health care settings (Lanza, Zeiaa, Rierdan, 2006). There is a considerable difference in the prevalence and incidence of episodes of violence in mental health settings, depending on the countries in which the studies were carried out. A survey of 4.826 nurses conducted by the American Nurses Association, 17% reported that they have been physically assaulted, and 57% reported that they had been abused in the last year (Peek-Asa, et al., 2009). Also, only 20% reported that they felt safe in their current work environments. Psychiatric nurses are the highest subjects of violent victimization rates of all types of nurse s (Islam, Edla, Mujuru, Doyle, Ducatman, 2003). In an analysis of the results of the Assaulted Staff Action Programme (ASAP) that persists for 15 years; 1.123 mental health nurses (69.58%) were victims of violence by patients. They were the subjects of physical (85.32%), sexual (1.18%), nonverbal intimidation (1.67%), and (6.01%) assaults. 46.34% of injures were soft tissue bruises, 10.16% were head and back injuries, 5.76% were bone/tendon/ligament injures, 12.39% were open wounds, scratches, or spitting incidents, 1.8% were abdominal wounds, and 18.65% were psychological fright. 36.69% were mild injures, 31.52% were moderate, and 14.13% serious and intense (Flannery, Farley, Rego, Walker, 2007). A survey in psychiatric institutions in Switzerland reported that 70% percent of nurses reported being physically attacked at least once in their career (Needham, et al., 2004). A multiregional study of nursing staff members from acute psychiatric settings showed that 76% of the particip ants reported that they were assaulted at least once (Peek-Asa, et al., 2009). In a study in Iran, verbal abuse was experienced by 87.4% of nurses during a 6-month period, and physical violence by 27.6% during the same period of time (Shogi, Sanjari, Shirazi, Heidari, Salemi, Mirzabeigi, 2008). The most frequent and most severe forms of verbal abuse reported were judging and criticizing, accusing and blaming, and abusive anger (Kisa, 2008). In one Arabic study, a national cross sectional survey was conducted in Kuwait to document the prevalence and determinants of violence against nurses in healthcare facilities. 48% of nurses experienced verbal violence; and 7% only experienced physical harm over the previous six months (Adib, Al-Shatti, Kamal, El-Gerges, Al-Raqem, 2002). Another Arabic study in Bahrain, Hamadeh and colleagues found the average assault rate on nurses is 4.4%. (Hamadeh, Al Alaiwat, Al Ansari, 2003). No similar studies were conducted in Jordan. However, this high results may be an emergent indicator of the escalating trend in Jordan and other Arabic countries because of their similar Arabic culture to Kuwait and Bahrain. Epidemiological studies were recommended to conduct to determine the incidence and prevalence of this phenomenon in Jordanian health care settings and especially in mental ones. Despite the high prevalence of violence acts toward nurses, only 20% of violent incidents are reported by nurses. This is due to staff being accustomed to violence; peer pressure not to report; differential reporting based on gender of the victim, fear of blame; excessive paper work; and incomplete or invalid information on reports completed by persons not witness to the event (Crilly, Chaboyer, Creedy, 2004). This problem should also be addressed in future studies to investigate its causes and to solve it. The Victim Nurses are usually the subjects of violence victimization. However, Other mental health care professionals such as physicians and physiotherapists are also at a considerable of violent acts (Stubbs Dickens, 2009). This paper addressed nurses only as subjects of victimization from psychiatric and mentally ill patients. Psychiatric patients assaults on nurses victims are a worldwide occupational problem. There is remarkable consistency in victim characteristics over time (Flannery, Juliano, Cronin, Walker, 2006). Men nurses were exposed to more abuse than women (Shagi, et al., 2008). However, there is an inconsistent finding in the literature identifying whether males or females are more violence-prone (Camerino, Estryn-Behar, Conway, Der Heijden, Hasselhorn, 2008). The risk of experiencing abuse was higher in nurses with more job experience or who worked more hours (Shagi et al.). On the other hand, a longitudinal cohort study showed that younger nurses with less job experiences are at increased risk violence (Camerino et al., 2008). However, exposure to violence was not significantly associated with age, gender, duration of employment in nurses working in child and adolescent psychiatric units (Dean, Gibbon, McDermott, Davidson, Scott, 2010). Having a lower job title (air or practical nurse), b eing in closer contact with patients, having special personality traits, using drug or alcohol, reporting extreme fatigue , may lead to higher risks for aggression and harassment at the workplace (Cooper Swanson, 2002). Nachreiner et al, agree with Copper Swanson on that LPNs an increased risk for both physical assault and non-physical violence compared to RNs (Nachreiner et al, 2007). Violent incidents are often related to the low awareness of nurses about the adequate therapeutic communication skills in dealing with patients (Cooper Swanson, 2002). Perceptions attitudes of nurses on patients violent incidents in psychiatric settings are extensively studied in the literature. Psychiatric nurses attitudes are different across countries (Jansen, Middel, Dassen, Reijneveld, 2006). According to some nurses violence is perceived as dysfunctional/undesirable. Whereas in others, violence is perceived as a functional comprehensible phenomenon (Abderhalden et al., 2002). 97% of participants believed that dealing with aggressive behaviour was a part of work in mental health inpatient unit (Dean, Gibbon, McDermott, Davidson, Scott, 2010). In the same study, 69.7% of participants believed that the current level of physical aggression in the ward was unacceptable, whereas only 12% report that it was acceptable, and the others reported feelings of uncertainty (Dean et al, 2010). They rationalize that by recognize that staff with more positive attitudes exhibited lower state anxiety. There are negative attitudes of nursing students to violen t incidents, and these attitudes are deteriorated over time (Bowers, Alexander, Simpson, Ryan, Carr-Walker, 2007). The perception of aggression scale (POAS) is a newly developed attitude inventory assessing nurses attitude toward aggressive patients (Palmstierna Barredal, 2006). Consequences of violent incidents on nurses were also extensively investigated in the literature. Responses to violence encompassed three major categories relating to physical emotional and professional impact (Dean, et al., 2010). They found that physical injuries divided to: direct injuries from the violent incidents, injuries while implementing restrictive interventions, and physical symptoms such as headache and muscle tension (Dean, et al.). Major physical injuries were on the head, the trunk, the upper and lower extremities (Langsrud, Linakker, Morken, 2007). Ongoing mental fatigue, stress, shock, helplessness, anger, vulnerability, feelings of being emotionally drained, anxious, impaired sleep and concentration were all emotional responses of nurses as a result of being violent (Dean, et al.). Nurses also respond with the following emotions and behaviours: frustration, despair, hopelessness, substance abuse, absenteeism, retaliation and the development of I do not care attitu de (Bimenyimana, Poggenpoel, Myburgh, Niekerk, 2009). The results of verbal abuse or violence by patients, often result in a severe psychological impact in nurses (Inoue, Tsukano, Muraoka, Kaneko, and Okamara, 2006). The most common emotional reaction to violence was anger, followed by shame, humiliation and frustration (Kisa, 2008). The Perpetrator Violence is common among individuals entering mental substance abuse words. Episodes of violence on psychiatric wards have been extensively studied, with one of the main aims being to identify who is more likely to be violent during hospitalization. However, it is difficult to determine that, because violence is a complex behaviour links with a variety of biological, psychopathological, and social factors. 15-years study concludes that older male patients with schizophrenia and younger personality-disordered patients are high-risk assailants (Flannery, Juliano, Cronin Walker, 2006). Antisocial personality disorder poses a great risk for violence among women than men (Yang Coid, 2007). Anxiety disorders and any personality disorder are more severe among violent women; alcohol dependence and hazardous drinking are more severe among violent men (Yang Coid). In a recent literature, Cornaggia and colleagues found that the psychiatric diagnosis most frequently associated with aggressive behaviour is paranoid schizophrenia. As patients with paranoid schizophrenia retain sufficient ability to plan and commit acts of violence related to their delusions (Cornaggia, Beghi, Pavone, Barale, 2011). Higher levels of hostility-suspiciousness predict the worsening of the pattern of violence (Amore et al., 2008). Persecutory delusions appear to increase risk of violence in some patients; co-occurren ce of persecutory delusions and emotional distress may increase the risk of violence (Bjorkly, 2006). Lower social class of origin, offending behaviour in the parental generation loss of the father, a new partnership of the remaining parent, growing up in blended families promoted the development of offending behaviour in general (Stompe, et al., 2006). Past history of violence toward others, substance abuse disorders are risk factors for future violence (Flannery, Julliano, Cronin, Walker). Past history remains the most consistent and stable predictor of future violence (Amore et al., 2008). Dual diagnosed patients with substance abuse disorders and bipolar sample have more violent acts (Grunebaum, et al., 2006). Black and minority ethnic are more often perceived as potentially violent to others (Vinkers, Vries, Van Baars, Mulder, 2009). Internalizing symptoms and affective reactivity contributed to aggression severity more than impulsivity and demographics (Kolko, Baumann, Buks tein, Brown, 2007). Even the month of birth of patients is considered a risk factor of violent behaviour (Cailhol, et al., 2009). Repeatedly violent patients had a higher length of residency, a higher number of previous violent behaviours (Grassi, et al., 2006). A past history of head injury with loss of consciousness was more frequent among persistently physically aggressive patients (Amore, et al., 2007). Assessment Many studies also discussed high risk children in the literature. Aggression appears associated with a wide variety of commonly psychiatric disorders in children (Connor McLaughlin, 2006). Children of bipolar parents are at high risk of hostility, aggression, violence (Farchione, et al., 2007). Adolescent conduct disorder patients are more likelihood to be violent (Ilomak, Viilo, Hakko, Marttunen, Makkikyro, Rasanen, 2006). Children with learning disabilities who had a comorbid psychiatry diagnoses reported a significantly higher amount of peer victimization than children without a cormobid psychiatric disease (Baumeister, Sterch, Geffken, 2007). Many other results showed results opposed to what known. Foley and colleagues found that violence at presentation with first-episode psychosis is not associated with duration of untreated psychosis (Foley, Browne, Clarke, Kinsella, Larkin, O`Callagham, 2007). No substantial evidence support the relation between insight and violence risk (Bjorkly, 2006). The Scene The scene of violence victimization against the psychiatric nurses by psychiatric and mentally ill patients is the psychiatric settings. The structure of the setting can provoke the manifestation of violence (Steffgen, 2008). Also, environmental design have been demonstrated to deter violence (Wassell, 2009). Inadequate staffing levels and lack of opportunities for clients to participate in therapy may provoke violence behaviour (Sturrock, 2010). The role of uncertainty concerning job stability represent a casual factor Also, lack of job security may cause violent behaviour The absence of social support and co-workers increases the risk of nurses in this setting to physical and verbal violence (Steffgen). The occurrence of workplace violence may cause damage to both the individual and the institutions. Organizations may face increased absenteeism, sick leave, property damage, decreased performance and productivity, security costs, litigation, workers compensation, and increasing turn over rates (Jackson, Clare, Mannix, 2002). Prevention Previous nursing literature suggested a number of strategies that can be considered by nurses to prevent violence. There is limited research on effective interventions to prevent patient violence (Kling, Yassi, Smailes, Lovato, Koehoorn, 2010). However, failing to accept and implement preventive measures in psychiatric settings has an impact to reduce violence in these settings (Wassell, 2009). Improved reporting may be of big benefit of reducing physical violence (Nolan Citrome, 2007). This may be occur by early recognition and intervention of potentially occurring violent incidents in the future. After conducting the Violence Prevention Community Meeting (VPCM), a significant decrease in patients violence were found across day, evening and night shift for pre-treatment vs. treatment and pre-treatment vs. post treatment comparisons. VPCM is a semi-structured protocol for the purpose of violence prevention (Lanza, Rierdan, Forester, Zeiss, 2009). Early recognition has strong practical implications for psychiatric nurses by helping them to assist patients with the detection of early warning signs. Early recognition is pay special attention to the early social and interpersonal factors that may deteriorate the patient behaviour to violent one (Fluttert, Meijel, Webster, Nijman, Bartels, Grypdonck, 2008). Steffgen identified many preventative measures of workplace violence such as: measures concerning the physical environment, measures concerning the management of the organizations and the behaviours of the members in the organizations, policies, counselling and training measures (Steffgen, 2008). A 6-module program have been shown to be effective in reducing and preventing violent incidents in a 6-months evaluation period. The 6 modules were about violence risk assessment, theoretical models of violence, assertive training, ethical legal issues of violence management (Anderson, 2006). Dubin et al identified six gold recommendations to prevent violence incidents in psychiatric emergencies. Firstly, all newly admitted patients should be assessed for risk of violence; those who have risk factors should be continually assessed. Second, nurses should avoid evaluating and/or treating patients at risk for violence alone or in an isolated office. Third, nurses must remember that patients violence is a response to feelings of helplessness, passivity, and perceived or actual humiliation; therefore nurses should avoid becoming verbally or physically towards them. Fourth, nurses are supposed to use non-coercive methods such as de-escalation to prevent escalation of patients aggression. Fifth, limit setting should always offer the patient two options with one option being the preferred option. Sixth, an armed patient should not be threatened and the clinician should respond in a non-threatening manner offering help and understanding. Finally, evaluation of environment safety s hould occur periodically and changes should be implemented that will enhance safety (Dubin, Julius, Novitsky, William, 2009). Assessment The first step in mental nursing process and one of the most important duties in psychiatric settings is assessment. Psychiatric nurses are faced with a great number of situations in which risk assessment are needed. Risk assessment is a process concerned with a variety of issues à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬risk for what, when, where, and to whom-not just the were Prediction of future violence (Haggard-Grann, 2007). Predicting violence has been compared to forecasting the weather. Like a good weather forecaster, the nurse does not state with certainty that an event will occur. Instead, he/she estimates the likelihood that a future event will occur. Like weather forecasting, predictions of future violence will not always be correct (Scott Resnick, 2006). Three major types of violence risk assessment are extensively reviewed in the literature. The three types are: (1) Clinical violence risk assessment, (2) Structural risk assessment tools, (3) Functional assessment. The number of risk assessment instruments has increased in the recent years (Haggard-Grann). Risk assessment tools should include situational aspects, behavioural patterns, and predicted events or stressors (Haggard-Grann). The first step when determining which instrument to use for a specific risk assessment is to determine the purpose and context for which the instrument is needed (Haggard-Grann). Decision should be made regarding whether the assessment is for the first time (to separate the highly risk patients from others) or for continuous ongoing assessment (Haggard-Grann). If adopted in clinical practice with a professional way, these instruments will indeed aid in the assessment and early recognition of violent incidents. However, they are inescapable part in the clinical practice in psychiatric settings. (Haggard-Grann). Awareness of the limits and abilities of such instruments is required. Lurigio and Harris underscored the importance of performing more accurate assessment tools that can for example determine the upcoming type of violence, or the likelihood of weapons use (Lurigio Harris, 2009). A risk assessment tool mainly contains two types of factors: static and dynamic. Dynamic factors are of a great importance in a decision context whereas static factors are at less importance. Dynamic factors should be assessed regularly in a structured time schedule (ex. every 1 hr). (Haggard-Grann). Static variables are based on intrapersonal factors (ex., personal biological characteristics) that served as risks factors for a patient to be potentially violent in the future. (Haggad-Grann). Many violent risk assessment tools were developed for the aim to assess the violent incidents in psychiatric settings. Sexual Aggression scale is an effective assessment tool to record systematically the occurrence of sexually aggressive behaviours for patients who reside in psychiatric hospitals. (Jones, Sheitman, Hazelrigg, Camel, Williams, Paesler, 2007). It is a brief scale consists of 4 sub scales with a brief description of them. The Alert System is a system includes a risk assessment form used by nursing staff to assess patients upon admission to the psychiatric setting in order to identify these at an increased risk of violence (Kling, et al ., 2010). If identified as at risk for violence, a flag is placed on the patients chart and wristband to contain staff of a patients potential for violence (Kling et al). The warning is intended to allow workers to take precautions to prevent violent incidents in flagged patients. These precautions may include: wearing a personal alarm, being near a security personals, not having sharp objects in the patients room, and not entering the patients room alone (Kling et al). Study results indicate that the Alert System is effective in identifying potentially violent patients. However, the ultimate goal of implementing the Alert System is to reduce the risk of violent incidents (Kling et al). Risk for in-patient violence in acute psychiatric intensive unit can be a high degree be predicted by nurses using the Broset violence checklist (Bjorkdahl, Olsson, Palmstierna, 2006). The BVC is a method to predict risk for violence from patients within the coming 24 hrs in acute psychiatric inpatient settings (Bjorkdahl, Olsson, Palmstierna). BVC is used to assess the patient three times daily: in the morning, noon, and night shifts (Bjorkdahl, Olsson, Palmstierna). The BVC assess absence or presence of six behaviours: confusion, boisterousness, irritability, verbally, threatening, physically threatening and attacking object (Bjorkdahl, Olsson, Palmstierna). The HCR-20 is a structured professional checklist designed for the assessment of risk future violence in patients with violent history / or a major mental disorder or personality disorders. (De Vogel De Ruter, 2006). The HCR-20 consists of 20 items, divided into three subscales: historical scale, clinical scale, and risk management scale. The predictive validity of the HCR-20 was good (De Vogel De Ruiter). The Forensic Early Warning Signs of Aggression Inventory (FESA) was developed to assist nurses and patients in identifying and monitoring early warning signs of aggression in forensic patients (Fluttert, Meijel, Leeuwen, Bjorkly, Nijman, Grypdonck, 2011). The Maudsley Violence Questionnaire contains 56-items measure a number of cognition (including: beliefs, rules, distortions and attributions) that are related to violence (Warnock-Parkes, Gudjonsson, Walker, 2007). The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) is a clinical rating scale designed to measure psychopathic attributes in mentally ill patients, Patients who score higher have higher rates of violent recidivism (Scott Resnick, 2006). The PCL uses a semi-structured interview, case-history information, and specific criteria to rate each of 20 items on a three- point scale (0, 1, 2). (Scott Resnick). Total scores (ranging from 0 to 40) reflect an estimate of the degree to which the patient matches psychopathy (Scott Resnick). The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is a risk assessment instrument of 12 items. It is probably the most well-known assessment instrument aimed to assess dangerousness in high-risk mentally ill patients. It is used to appraise the violence risk in psychiatric and other health settings (Scott Resnick, 2006). It is constructed by taking variables known to predict violent behaviour among men with mental disorders who have records of previous violent behaviour then summarizing the variables into one scheme (Haggard-Grann, 2007). Interactive Classification Tree is a recent tool for assessing the violence risk of patients discharged from psychiatric facilities (Scott Resnick, 2006). This tool utilizes a sequence of questions related to risk factors for potential violence (Scott Resnick). According to the answers, another related question is posed, until the pt is classified into a category of high or low risk of future violence (Scott Resnick). Structured risk assessment tools have inherent limitation when used alone. Criticisms of instruments include the following: they provide only approximations of risks; their use is not generalizable beyond the studied populations: they are rigid, and they fail to inform violence prevention risk management (Scott Resnick, 2006). Functional assessment approaches seek to clarify the factors responsible for the development, expression and maintenance of problem behaviours. This is achieved through assessment of the behaviour of interest, the individuals predisposing characteristics, and the antecedent events, considered important for the initiation of the behaviour, and the consequences of the behaviour, which maintain and direct its developmental course (Daffern, Howells, Ogloff, 2007). They identify 9 common functions of violent behaviour in psychiatric settings in the literature: demand avoidance, to force compliance, to express anger, to reduce tension, to obtain tangibles, social distance reduction (attention seeking), to enhance status or social approval, compliance with instruction, to observe suffering (Daffern, Howells, Ogloff). Functional assessment have many implications for the prediction and prevention of inpatient violence and for the treatment of violent patients. The distinction of functional assessment approaches and structured assessment tools is that the first emphasize the correct classification of the form of a particular behaviour and the other one emphasize the purpose of the behaviour (Daffern, Howells, Ogloff). The clinical risk assessment method is the oldest method of violence risk assessment. It is the classical method of expecting, predicting, and assessing of risk. This means that the nurse gathers the information that he or she believes to be useful and on the basis of that information makes a judgment of the risk (Haggad-Grann, 2007). Unfortunately, this method cannot predict future violence with high accuracy. The accuracy of a

Effects of Death on the Family

Effects of Death on the Family Cadence Matthews To begin, grief and death can be difficult to understand, Fumia said, When it comes to grieving the death of a loved one, there are no linear patterns, no normal reactions, no formulas to follow[K1]. The word grief is derived from the French word grà ¨ve, meaning a heavy burden. Indeed, the physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual implications can be overwhelming[K2]. The reality of death effects families from an emotional/physical myriad while also shifting family systems, and impacting spirituality. To start, the emotional and physical effects of death on a family are many and varied. The potential negative effects of grief can be significant. For illustration, research shows that 40% of bereaved people will suffer from some form of anxiety disorder in the first year after the death of a loved one, and there can even be up to a 70% increase in death risk of the surviving spouse within the first six months after the death of their spouse.[1] Overall, understanding the myriad of physical and emotional reactions   is essential. Commonly, those grieving within a family often feel like theyre[K3] going crazy as the emotions of loss are so great and ebb and flow constantly. Bozarth in her book, A Journey Through Grief: Gentle, Specific Help to Get You Through the Most Difficult Stages of Grief writes, while you are grieving, your emotional life may be unpredictable and unstable. You may feel that there are gaps in your remembered experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. You may alternate between depression and euphoria, between wailing rage and passive resignation. If youve experienced loss and are hurting, its reasonable that your responses will be unreasonable.[2] Furthermore[K4], one huge side effect that families face in grief is exhaustion. Research has noted that the griever may even feel as though they have the flu since the exhaustion is so deep. Additionally, families face days of distraction. When a family goes through a loss they often lose the most basic life skills[K5], such as organization or accomplishment at least for a while. It must be noted that grief has no schedule. It comes in waves, waves none the less[K6]. When grief covers, a family it takes over emotionally and physically with a variety of symptoms such as: sleep difficulties, poor appetite or overeating, shakiness or trembling, listlessness, disorientation, migraines or headaches, dizziness, dry mouth, crying, numbness, shortness of breath, and exhaustion. Some individuals often withdraw from society and people for a while as many emotions surface. Often experiences, or people that once evoked joy evoke nothing at all, activities once enjoyed seem far-off[K7]. While some members of the family turn to impulsive living. The first year can involve a lot of unnecessary risks. Further, grief can make everything feel surreal[K8], as if reality is just a terrible dream. Everything becomes a blur as the idea of time vanishes. Days are measured by: one day after they died, two days after they diedall standard concepts fade away[K9].[ 3] Helen Fitzgerald, the writer of, the Mourning Handbook writes, During this initial period of grief, you will feel a numbness and a disassociation with the world around you. People who are going through this often tell me that they feel as if they are watching a play in which they are but spectators. [4][K10] Secondly, another huge area that can affect families as they grieve is spirituality. There are many spiritual effects and struggles within a family after facing a death. To start, people vary in their response to death as they differ in how they cope with stress in general. Some people experience a very positive religious[K11] coping[K12] a conceptualization by Pargament, Smith, Koenig, and Perez. They articulate it as such, an expression of a sense of spirituality, a secure relationship with God, a belief that there is meaning to be found in life, and a sense of spiritual connectedness with others. Yet[K13] on the other side of things there can be negative coping which the same individuals describe it as, spiritual discontent, punishing God reappraisals, interpersonal religious discontent, demonic reappraisals (attributing the event to the work of the devil), and reappraisals of Gods power. Religious[K14] coping can help or not help when adapting to loss, it varies between individua ls. The positive side of things could be that the griever finds meaning in the loss and surrenders the feelings of being out of control, learning to depend on Gods comfort presence, and the fellowship of other believers while grieving. This can lead to a grievers transformation and hope in the midst of deep pain. It has even been proven that spiritual coping has helped with chronic illness. The four core dimensions of spiritual[K15] needs are connection, peace, meaning/purpose, and transcendence, which help recovery for ill people as well as when coping with a death in the family. Also, when a mourner has a spiritual community around this can help with bereavement outcomes. Yet[K16], as much as a spirituality can be a source of strength it can also be a source of strain. A two-year longitudinal study was done on a crisis of faith. In elderly patients[K17], those who had a crisis of faith were much closer to death[K18], even when all other variables were controlled. Spirituality is n ot always helpful in terms of adjusting to losses. Even more so, loss can sometimes foster spiritual distress this is seen in things like anger towards God, or an inability to believe in the sovereignty of God, especially when the death is gruesome. These things are bad[K19], but if one does not move from these mindsets, it will destroy them spirituality. Those who have suffered terrible violence[K20], such as a death through homicide, they are much more likely to have extreme unrelenting anger towards God. This can lead to a very sad and tainted view of God of [K21]the griever never moves from this. For some people begin to believe that God has arranged the death of their loved one. Although, spiritual distress in grief is found worse for those with complicated grief. An example of negative spiritual coping shows up in a young boys distressed response, I dont really care now about sinning It doesnt matter to me as much since (my brothers death). I guess it is my way of getting back at God. All in all, we cannot ignore the link between crisis of faith and overall poor grief outcomes.[5] Another huge reality that families face in losing a loved one within the family is the shifting of the family system and its dynamics.The loss of someone within the family unit creates a structural void that requires adjustment. Norna Bowlby-West the author of a helpful article on the journey of family therapy called, the Impact of Death on the Family System suggests that family member may be stuck in one of these three phases of grieving, which contributes to the homeostatic utilization of one or more of these adjustments. When the common homeostatic adjustments of the family system shift often the individuals have no awareness of this change and are often like victims in the process of adjustment. The change can destroy existing relationships and personal effectiveness. An example of this is when a sibling tries to become a parent to their sibling to which they have both lost a parent. West in her article goes over twelve common hemostatic adjustments that can take place within a f amily. First is the anniversary reactions which can be things like: anniversary of death date, their birthday, date of marriage, or traditional holidays (Christmas, Thanksgiving). These times are stressful and can sometimes reinforce unresolved if grief work in the family has not occurred. For example, if a baby brother died on another brothers birthday, leaving the one brother an only child, from[K22] then on that child may never view a birthday as a celebratory thing and only feel depressed on that day. In this case, the effect on the sibling who was left an only child, was lack of self- esteem and the withdrawal of parental affection and attention. The family structure was maintained, as though the dead child was still present physically. Another adjustment is displacement of feelings which can be a mix of: bottled up grief, projections of anger on doctors, nurses, hospitals, care givers, or family members, projection of guilt (may feel need to punish oneself or others), helpless ness, paranoia, or feelings of shame or embarrassment especially with suicide. The scape goat in the family often is found with displaced feelings. Another adjustment is enmeshment which can be: the fear of more loss-overprotective behaviour[K23], increased closeness- tightening of family boundary, expectation that other family members are experiencing the same grief, lack of privacy/space. For example, if a child within the family committed suicide the parents might cope by not letting their kids be alone ever[K24]. When a family member dies, there is an unspoken tightening of the family boundary and in an increased dependency on those whoare left to fill the void. Another adjustment is family secrets some examples of this are: intentionally not talking about the death, not expressing emotions/pain, seeing the death as a punishment for past sin, or experiencing a deep sense of failure when the subject[K25] is mentioned (not living up the legacy of the person who has passed). Anothe r adjustment is the reality of generation gap[K26], for example: extended family (ex. Grandparents[K27]) may need to grieve more openly, or bereaved spouse or parent may not be able to get support from other generation, or over parenting can cause more harm, or one grieving may need more nurturing. For example, the death of a child usually entangles the extended family of at least three generations who might all need different things. Additionally, another element to adjustment and the shift of roles is seen in idealization. For example, if a member is unable to let go of attachment the person who has passed and puts them on a pedestal. Further, siblings may feel like they have to compete with the idealized image of the sibling who has passed on. This can cause kids to always feel like they need to fight for their parents approval. Another example of this would be that a dead husband or wife is idealized to the point were no other relationship is able to compete which can leave the individual always stuck in the past. Evermore so, sometimes ones personal identity becomes frozen in the strong attachment to the dead person and they try to let nothing of their new normal change. This can be seen in someone not being willing to get rid of the deceased belongings or not allowing for any change. Some parents as a way of coping with losing a child are much stricter on their remaining kids. This can lead some parents to reinforce infantile behaviour[K28] and prevent their kids from risk taking and such. This stress of infantile behaviour[K29] often takes place because the parents fear their surviving children may hurt themselves and in tail overprotect them[K30]. Another element of [K31] adjustment is some grievers face obsessive paranoia. They may focus on death, reliving experience and always dwelling on the negative experiences. This also includes a strong fear about death that is projected onto others. This can also involve high expectations, self-destructive thoughts, and self-punishing. For those who face this, the focusing on death this prevents the griever from normal communication. The fear of death and response to that fear can become a homeostatic device of the family. Obsessive paranoia if serious enough has led to many cases of suicide or violence. When grieving sometimes family members try to replace the missing person which really affects[K32] the family structure. Some parents may adopt, re-marry, or get pregnant. But replacement can sometimes only damage the replacement as the aborted grief still remains. To end, there is still a lot more to say about the ways families shift in structure in grief[K33], but this at least scratches some of surface.[6] To conclude, as seen grief is multifaceted, and complex. Grief affects every part of a being emotionally, physically and spirituality, and as each individual is effected a whole family dynamic is affected. Bibliography Bozarth, Alla Renee. 1st ed. Hazelden Publishing, 1994[K35]. Bowlby-West, Lorna. The Impact Of Death On The Family System. Journal of Family Therapy 5, no. 3 (1983): 279-294. Burke, Laurie, and Robert Neimeyer. Spiritual Distress In Bereavement: Evolution Of A Research Program. Religions 5, no. 4 (2014): 1087-1115. http://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions. Fitzgerald, Helen. The Mourning Handbook. 1st ed. New York: Simon Schuster, 1995. Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, MD. Grief: Loss Of A Loved One Symptoms, Treatment, Causes What Is Mourning? Medicinenet. Medicinenet. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 13, 2017. http://www.medicinenet.com/loss_grief_and_bereavement/page2.htm. The Physical And Emotional Effects Of Grief. Funeralplan.Com. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 15, 2017. http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [1] MD Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, Grief: Loss Of A Loved One Symptoms, Treatment, Causes What Is Mourning? Medicinenet, Medicinenet, last modified 2017, accessed March 13, 2017, http://www.medicinenet.com/loss_grief_and_bereavement/page2.htm. [2] Alla Renee Bozarth, 1st ed. (Hazelden Publishing, 1994). [3] The Physical And Emotional Effects Of Grief, Funeralplan.Com, last modified 2017, accessed March 15, 2017, http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [4] Helen Fitzgerald, The Mourning Handbook, 1st ed. (New York: Simon Schuster, 1995). [5] Laurie Burke and Robert Neimeyer, Spiritual Distress In Bereavement: Evolution Of A Research Program, Religions 5, no. 4 (2014): 1087-1115, http://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions. [6] Lorna Bowlby-West, The Impact Of Death On The Family System, Journal of Family Therapy 5, no. 3 (1983): 279-294. [K1]Who is Fumia?   Where does this quote come from no referencing. [K2]Is this still part of the first quote   Appears to come from this site but not referenced http://www.focusonthefamily.com/lifechallenges/emotional-health/coping-with-death-and-grief/understanding-the-grieving-process   Fumia says it well. When it comes to grieving the death of a loved one, there are no linear patterns, no normal reactions, no formulas to follow. The word grief is derived from the French word grà ¨ve, meaning a heavy burden. Indeed, the physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual implications can be overwhelming. [K3]Avoid contractions in formal writing [K4]Quote appears to come from a website rather than the book itself since the breaks in the quote are identical. http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html.   Should quote this as the source then. You have it listed as a source in the Bibliography but do not refer to it here so that is improper. [K5]comma [K6]poor sentence [K7]poor sentence [K8]comma [K9]this quote is also found on this site: http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [K10]And this one: http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [K11]Sentence is fragmented [K12]Verb confusion [K13]Where did you find this quote No footnote. [K14]Another quote with no footnote.   Oxford textbook of spirituality in healthcare [K15]Seems like this would need a reference as well. Very specific, not common knowledge [K16]comma [K17]comma [K18]comma [K19]comma [K20]comma [K21]awkward [K22]makes it a complete sentence [K23]spelling [K24]this example came from the article needs referencing [K25]added the [K26]comma [K27]capital letter needed [K28]spelling [K29]spelling [K30]Is there supporting material that can be referenced to back this up? [K31]word use [K32]word use [K33]comma [K34]word use [K35]Missing title of Book

Why Did Adolf Hitler Become A Hate Filled Dictator? :: essays research papers fc

Why Did Adolf Hitler Become A Hate Filled Dictator?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolf Hitler; throughout the entire world this name is synonymous with World War II and the Holocaust. Hitler was the notorious anti-semetic Chancellor of Germany who initiated World War II. Many different events in Hitler’s life led to his eventual hatred for specific cultures, i.e. Jewish and Marxist groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On April 20, 1889 Adolf Hitler, was born to Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl Hitler and baptized a Roman Catholic (History Place). As a young boy in Austria he was spoiled by his mother, who feared that she might lose another child; however from his father he received verbal and physical abuse because he expected total discipline. When Hitler attended school at a monastery he admired the way the Abbot controlled his monks with supreme authority. Hitler’s father and the Abbot both expected to have total control of their domains, because of this Hitler’s thought of control could have already been forming in his young mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Around 1896 the family moved for the second time, to a small house, near a cemetery, which in the next few years would become home to Hitler’s younger brother, Edmund, and his father, Alois. Both of these deaths would send Hitler into the first of a long line of depressions. At the age of 13 Hitler became the head of his household and received his first taste of power and money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education, Hitler found somewhat easy and received good marks at the beginning, however things would eventually change. Hitler found out that he had a good ability to remember buildings and draw realistic renderings of them from memory which will come into play later on in his life. After Hitler became bored with school he started making trouble and eventually dropped out at the age of 16 which began his years of dilettante, aimless existence, reading, painting, and wandering around (Biography).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Hitler’s mother died leaving him as an orphan, Hitler left for Vienna to attend the Academy of Fine Arts. However he failed the entrance exam twice and again began to wander aimlessly as a homeless orphan,his only income being small paintings of local landmarks, namely buildings, which he sold. This is when Hitler discovered anti-semetism and his racial views in the form of Mayor Karl Lueger and Lanz von Liebenfels, some prominent locals, that would remain as the Nazi ideology for some time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler moved to Munich in 1913 where he joined a Bavarian regiment in the German army to fight in World War I.

The Global Ethical Perspective of Peer-to-peer File-sharing Essay

The Global Ethical Perspective of Peer-to-peer File-sharing Introduction This paper is an analytical essay on global ethical issues on peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing. A history and background of peer-to-peer file-sharing will be given, as well as how it became an issue. This paper will explore what aspects of file-sharing are ethical and at what point it becomes unethical. An explanation of the laws will be described and whether the laws different from region-to-region around the world. The paper will include personal experiences with file sharing, as well as an in-depth analysis on the topic with high-quality industry and academic references to defend a particular moral/ethical position. Background The Internet is a shared resource, a cooperative network built out of millions of hosts all over the world. In the year 2000, the network model that survived the enormous growth of the previous five years had been turned on its head. Through the music-sharing application called Napster, and the larger movement dubbed â€Å"peer-to-peer,† the millions of users connecting to the Internet began connecting to each other directly, forming groups and collaborating to become user-created search engineers, virtual supercomputers, and file systems. The original Internet was fundamentally designed as a peer-to-peer system. Over time it became increasingly client/server, with millions of consumer clients communicating with a relatively privileged set of servers. Current peer-to-peer applications are using the Internet much as it was originally designed: as a medium for communication for machines that share resources with each other as equals. The Internet was originally conceived in the late 1960s as a peer-to-peer system. The goal of ... ...erspace: Dealing with Law Enforcement and the Courts. November 1999 in Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services: Mile High expectations. [8] D. K. Mulligan, J. Han, A. J. Burstein: Copyrights and Access-Rights: How DRM-based Content Delivery Systems Disrupt Expectations of †Personal Use†. October 2003 in Proceedings of the 2003 ACM workshop on Digital rights management. [9] D. Clark: Future of intellectual property: How Copyright became controversial. April 2002 in Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference on Computers, Freedom and Privacy. [10] N. Garnett: Digital Rights Management, Copyright, and Napster. March 2001 in ACM SIGecom Exchanges, Volume 2 Issue 2. [11] J. Evers: File Swapping Fight Goes Global: Recording industry says P-to-P users in Canada and Europe could face legal action. March 30, 2004 in IDG News Service.