coral reef Essay -- essays research papers

chromatic REEFS Almost every one of us have heard and most of you have seen the Coral reefs nevertheless did you know what actu all(prenominal)y these arAs a navalr its important to know about the marine life, that was one reason I have elect this topic for my todays short presentation. GM, my scheme of presentation will be as flashedDEFINATION OF red coral REEFDIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORAL AND CORAL POLYPWHERE WE CAN FIND CORAL CONSTRUCTION OF CORAL REEFS CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH OF CORAL REEFSTYPES OF CORAL REEFS THREAT TO CROAL REEFSWHAT SHOULD A MARINER DO IN CORAL RICH AREASFUTURE OF CORAL REEFSCONCLUSIONWhat is a coral reef?Coral reefs are huge structures made of limestone that is deposited by living things. There are thousands of species that live in coral reefs, but only a fraction actually produces the limestone that builds the reef. Coral reefs support over 25% of all known marine species. They are one of the most complex ecosystems on the planet, and are home to over 4,000 different types of fish, 700 species of coral and thousands of other plants and animals.A good way to imagine a coral reef is to think of it as a bustling city or community, with the buildings made of coral, and thousands of inhabitants coming and going, carrying out their business. In this sense, a coral reef is like a metropolis under the sea.What is coral?Although coral is much mistaken for a rock or a plant, it is actually composed of precise, fragile animals called coral polyps. When we say "coral" we are actually referring to these animals and the skeletons they leave behind after they die.Although there are hundreds of different species of corals, they are generally assort as "hard coral" or "soft coral".Hard corals grow in colonies and are the architects of coral reefs. They include such species as head word coral and elkhorn coral. Their skeletons are made out of calcium carbonate (also known as limestone) which is hard and eventually becomes r ock. Hard corals are hermatypes or reef-building corals and need tiny algae called zooxanthellae (pronounced zo-zan-THEL-ee) to survive. Generally, when we talk about "coral" we are referring to hard corals.Soft corals such as sea fingers and sea whips, are soft and bendable and often resemble plants or trees. These corals do not have stony skeletons, but instead grow wood-like cores for suppor... ...s are considered as part of a larger watershed, the recognization of the complexness of environmental stresses can be understood. Management plans can be developed to reduce impacts to mangroves, seagrasses and the reef ecosystem, based upon accurate data and a better sagacity of the system. EPA is in the process of developing guidance for a watershed approach to coral ecosystem protection.CONCLUSIONCorals provide shelter for nearly one quarter of all known marine species. The reefs are home to over 4000 species of fish, 700 species of coral, and thousands of other forms of pl ant and animal life. Living coral reefs are the foundation of marine life, and this also centre that they are essential for human life, but all over the world they are dead or dying because people are destroying them at a very fast rate. Already 10% have been lost, and there are predictions that 705 of all corals on the planet will be destroyed in 20 to 40 years unless people stop doing what they are doing now i.e., pollution, sewage, erosion, cyanide fishing, bad tourism.We need coral reefs, and not just to make the ocean tactile sensation pretty and colourful, they are more than just thateggs.

Essay --

Arguments advanced by those rooting for stricter flatulency control laws of cite the increased incidences of mortality and injury that is associated with guns. There is a command consensus that violence propagated using guns has a serious effect on public health and the economy. In the US, approximately 32,300 people die and about 69,000 injuries occur on yearly basis as a direct consequence of guns. This hurts the US economy by an estimated 100 billion dollars. The society is deeply divided on whether more gun control policies would b better placed to prevent the rampant loss of lives, and unnecessary injuries. According to experts, the rate of gun violence in the United States is much higher compared to otherwise rich nations. An analysis conducted in 2005 showed that the lower life expectancy exhibited by the United States in comparison to other wealth countries, can directly be attributed to gun violence. The debate to control guns has received strong criticism from people who question the relationship between guns and violence, and if gun control would effectively put an end to gun violen...

Jane Campions The Piano - A Metaphor for European Domination Essay

Jane Campions The Piano - A Metaphor for European Domination The exact character of the encounters between Captain James Cook and the Polynesian natives of Hawaii as well as all interactions and exchanges between Europeans and native Polynesian wads of the Pacific musical composition Cook was exploring the islands of Hawaii and after has been investigated by anthropologists and historians for many years. Captain Cook died at the hand of Polynesian natives while he was at Hawaii in 1779. Marshall Sahlins stated that Cook was seen as the god Lono during the celebration of the Makahiki festival taking place at the time of Cooks visit. Gananath Obeyesekere, in his noteworthy work, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook European Mythmaking in the Pacific, argues that Sahlins is incorrect in his conclusions about Cook and his myth models, which are defined as indigenous people not use rationality in the same way as Europeans. They underestimate the flexibility and pragmatism of indigenous cult ures and cosmology. Obeyesekere argues that the Prospero myth and the Kurtz myth are spare in the works of Sahlins and other historians as well. The Prospero myth that is of the European explorer who brings forth peace and a civilized culture to the native peoples of the lands he or she explores. The be Prospero is taken from a character in Shakespeares play, The Tempest. The Kurtz myth is that of the explorer, who witnesses the raw nature and uncivilized culture and ideology of the native peoples and becomes himself savage. The name Kurtz originated from Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness and is adopted in Francis Ford Coppolas cinematic masterpiece Apocalypse Now. Obeyesekeres ideas are prevalent in The Piano, a feature film involving a lov... ...rts Obeyesekeres arguments by having the savage element awakened, then subdued with force in the supposedly civilized Europeans, as opposed to Sahlins denial of European savagery in the explorations of Cook and the denial that Cook was a savage and bloodthirsty male seeking to kill, using civilization as an excuse for killing. This idea is seen in the domination of Ada by both Stewart and Baines, and the males violence and sexual aggression toward the innocent and mute Ada. The inability to speak on Adas part is a metaphor for her domination by the males, a trait of european culture in the ninteenth century. The diffused is the means by which she is able to communicate, embodying both the Kurtz persona in the raw, beautiful sound that flows from the piano, and the Prospero persona in the intricate and ordered melody and harmony with that a skilled pianist plays.

Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron Essay -- Poem Poetry Lor

Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord ByronShe Walks in Beauty is a poem in which the author says of the corporal beautyof a woman a female who the author encountered. This encounter lead him to visualize agreat distinct physical image of her so he began to speak of this phenomenalattractiveness. A special quality in her was being able to be identified with the heaven.Beautiful like the stars and clearly visible as a cloudless night.The poem ?She Walks in Beauty? came by as an inspiration to the author. Thisoccurred at an event attended by the author where he meet his full cousin which is the womanthe author speaks about in the poem.The author lord Byron wrote this poem which is found in the Hebrew Melodies.This publication is found with many another(prenominal) other lyrics effected in 1815.The poem speaks through the usage of imagery. The poem is highly rhythmic withmeaningful tones. Essentially the female in this poem is evaluated in terms of the physical world. For exampl e, the author does not provide a detailed appearance of the woman. She is instead shown responding to the world around her. George Gordon was born in London in 1788. Gordon was the son of police chiefJohn ?Mad Jack? Byron and his second wife, Catherine Gordon, a Scots heiress. The nextten years were difficult for George. One of the reasons was because of his clubfoot. Thesecond reason was because of his mother displaced bitter against his father onto him,and George Gordon had later been tended by a Calvinist nurse whom awakened hissexuality. In 1798 his great-uncle the fifth Baron Byron, died childless, and just after histenth natal day Byron inherited his title. In 1801 Byron was sent to school at Harrow inthe same year he ... ...imself. The rhymescheme shows a different ideal on each stanza and its meter shows a consistent beat oneach line. The tone perceived in Byron?s poem is of romanticism godlike by the woman?sbeauty and its theme is of the immediate impression of a man towards a beautiful lady.There are also many poetic devices like alliteration , simile and internal rhyme shownthroughout the poem. Thus making of this poem a delight to the mind, and an enjoyableliterary masterpiece. BibliographyRobert Di Yanni, lit Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay (Boston, Massachusetts Mc Graw Hill, 1998).The Penguin Group. ?World of Classics.? The Longman Anthology of British Literature. 24, Sep. 2000 .?Poetry Series Supplement.? Masterplots II, Vol. 9 (Pasadena, California Salem Press, 1998).

Global Warming, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Global Economy :: Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Global EconomyAs the amount of greenho office gas emissions increases a plan of action has been introduced, know as the Kyoto Protocol. As of July 2002 seventy-six of earths one-hundred ninety countries have agreed to cut their emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. besides, only Japan has set some goals, that currently seem unattainable. Many people and businesses are hostile the Kyoto Protocol. Climate change is a serious, global, long-term issue that must be addressed immediately. Everyone must do their part to have a discernable shock absorber on the decrease of greenhouse gasses (GHG) around the world. Many fear that Alberta has much to lose, economically. Albertans have much to lose if emissions are forced to be cut, many businesses bequeath be forced to find new and expensive ways to produce or refine their products which will raise the cost to Albertans and people around the world. Or if they can non meet the requirements of Kyoto or any other plan they may be forced to close down completely putting many people bug out of Jobs. If Alberta chooses to accept the terms of Kyoto or the Alberta Climate Change Plan, The cost for such(prenominal) commodities such as electricity, water, gasoline, and natural gas, could increase by almost 40% by 2002. With the cost of living already on the rise and with even more expected. many Canadians, especially young Canadians that are paying off student loans. With such a small job market these protocols threaten the job market even further, and most will not be able to afford survive. However according to Accu-Weather, the worlds leading commercial forecaster, global air temperatures as measured by land-based weather stations only show an increase of O.45 degrees Celsius over the chivalric century. This may be nothing more than normal climatic variation. Satellite data indicate a slight cooling in the climate in the last 18 years. These satellites use advanced technology and are not subject to the heat island effect around major cities that alters ground-based thermometers.Projections of future climate changes are uncertain. Although some computer models predict warming in the next century, these models are very limited. The effects of cloud formations, precipitation, the role of the oceans, or the sun, are still not well known and often inadequately represented in the climate models --- although all play a major role in determining our climate. Scientists who prepare on these models are quick to point out that they are far from perfect representations of reality, and are probably not advanced enough for direct use in policy implementation.

Global Warming, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Global Economy :: Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Global EconomyAs the amount of greenhouse gas emissions increases a plan of action has been introduced, know as the Kyoto Protocol. As of July 2002 seventy-six of earths one-hundred ninety countries have agreed to cut their emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. However, only Japan has set some goals, that currently seem unattainable. Many plurality and businesses are opposed the Kyoto Protocol. Climate change is a serious, global, long-term issue that must be addressed immediately. Everyone must do their part to have a discernable impact on the decrease of greenhouse gasses (GHG) most the world. Many fear that Alberta has much to lose, economically. Albertans have much to lose if emissions are forced to be cut, more businesses will be forced to find new and expensive ways to produce or refine their products which will raise the cost to Albertans and people around the world. Or if they cannot meet the requirements of Kyoto or any other pl an they may be forced to close down completely putting many people out of Jobs. If Alberta chooses to accept the terms of Kyoto or the Alberta Climate Change Plan, The cost for such commodities such as electricity, water, gasoline, and natural gas, could increase by almost 40% by 2002. With the cost of living already on the rise and with even more expected. many Canadians, especially young Canadians that are paying off scholar loans. With such a small job market these protocols threaten the job market even further, and most will not be able to spread out survive. However according to Accu-Weather, the worlds leading commercial forecaster, global air temperatures as measured by land-based weather stations only show an increase of O.45 degrees Celsius everywhere the past century. This may be nothing more than normal climatic variation. Satellite data indicate a slight cooling in the mode in the last 18 years. These satellites use advanced technology and are not subject to the heat island effect around major cities that alters ground-based thermometers.Projections of future humor changes are uncertain. Although some computer models predict warming in the next century, these models are very limited. The effects of cloud formations, precipitation, the role of the oceans, or the sun, are dumb not well known and often inadequately represented in the climate models --- although all play a major role in determine our climate. Scientists who work on these models are quick to point out that they are far from perfect representations of reality, and are probably not advanced enough for indicate use in policy implementation.

Compare and Contrast of “From a Secret Sorrow” and “A Sorrowful Woman” Essay

In the short story From a Secret Sorrow by K arn Van Der Zee a cleaning charr who struggles to tell her fianc a truth that is killing her inside. The story focuses on two main characters, Faye and Kai. Faye is a woman who thought that the world was over for her afterward purpose out she was unfertilized. Faye had no imagination on how to communicate such horrendous news to Kai, her fianc. She was afraid that her Kai was going to leave her and find mortal else. She then started performing weird, nervous, and distanced herself from him. Her fianc questioned her about(predicate) a none he found, Faye immediately recognized that it was the note the doctor gave her and with a terrified voice asked How did you get that? (31). Finding out that she was infertile made her felt sorrow and the likes of she was the only one who had the good to be upset. She thought that Kai was not going to love her anymore but it was the an separate(prenominal) authority around. Kai seemed like he w as re all(prenominal)y in love with her and cared about her. He wanted to let her know that whatever the problem was she was not alone, that it was not only her problem and that they will work together, then eventually get married. But Faye would not listen, she also loved him so much that she would have preferably let him go instead of ruining his life with her knowing she is infertile. She knew he would be extremely disappointed and she told Kai that he had the choice to leave her and marry someone else. Kai continuously kept repeating Faye how much he loves her. Kai then asked why should I be disappointed, Faye? Why?(Van Der Zee 33). She felt like her heart thunder in her ears, she seemed like she was going to drown like if she could not breathe. Then she express Because because I cant give you children Because I cant get pregnant I cant have babies Thats why(Van Der Zee 33). Kai after the shocking secret that was been kept from him He stared at her as if he had never seen her before (Van Der Zee 33). Faye with her legs shaking, shortness of breathing and all these things on her head sightly ran away. Faye seems to struggle with some type of peril issues with her husband. After she ran away, Kai calls her house extremely worried about where she was just to see sure she got there safe. Chuck, someone who lived at domicil(a) answers the phone and said that she was home fine. No matter how upset he was about what he just found out, he called to make sure she was safe.A few minutes after she got home, Kai showed up to herroom quietly, without knocking the door, and sat next to her. He put his arms around her and drew her against him and in a quietly voice said Faye, please marry me (Van Der Zee 34). Kai was seemingly surprised for what Faye had told him, but he seemed to still care more about her than the feature that she cannot have children. However, Faye said No she stands up from the bed and got away from him. Faye felt like she was not enough for him because of the fact that she could not get pregnant. After moments of discussions Kai made her understand that it was not just her problem, that it was their problem as a couple. Faye still doubtfully said how can I ever believe it? and Kai replay Look at me, Faye. No other woman can give me what you can- yourself, your love, your warmth, your sense of humor. (36). After Faye explained him word for word what the doctor said to her she said So you see we dont have to hope for any miracles Kai smiled and said well make our own miracles (36). He then grabs her and kissed her. All of a sudden Kai went to her closet, opened the suitcases and began to pile all her clothes, he also opened the drawers, and took out all her things. Faye confused asks What are you doing? Kai ignore her for a min and then said get dressed. Were going home Faye Home? Yes home- where you belong. With me in my house, in my bed in my arms (37). Kai had enough frustration with everything that had happened that he does not want to risk having any more problems. Youre coming with me now. And Im not letting you out my sight until were safely married (37). Kai prose that if they cant have children, there are a bunch of orphanages all over the world with children in need of a family. Faye he said Your my first and only choice (38).Kai and Faye adopted 3 children, a boy a two girls. I seems like they were from Vietnam because she say they had small faces and large dark eyes full of fear. It was noticeable the tragedies of war, death and beggary in their eyes. Time passed and everything seem to be working out, the kids faces are full of joy as well as Kais eyes. Faye deeply inside knew that she was everything to Kai, To hi, she was the only woman, beautiful, complete, whole (38). The story A Sorrowful Women by Gail Godwin describes a woman that seems to be exhausted of her family and life. Unlike the first story, this is about a married couple who already have a child. The narrator does not giv e names to the characters and he/she engages on a third person lineament to tell the story. This story carries a depressing, sad and dark mood. The married woman, one night tells her husband if he could put the boy to bed and read him the story about the monkey who ate too many bananas(39) since she was already tired of doing all the work at home. The husband thought she just needed a break, and he assume that theres nothing wrong with the idea of taking care of the child, therefore he happily agreed to take care of the kid. Since that evening the husband noticed that his wife was being very distant from him his child. He notices that the reason of why she was so depressed was probably because of the child. The child was the one who brought her to this stagecoach of sadness, to the point where she began to show aggressiveness in her and the people around her. The sight of her husband made her sad. One night as she looked at the child, she began yelping without tears, retching in between (Godwin 41). Her husband takes her into his arms and he shows he had complete control over the situation. Her husband wants to find out what is wrong with her, and what he could do to make her feel better. In this story the husband portrays a various type of control that was showed in the first story From a Secret Sorrow. In a sorrowful woman the husband showed an understanding control, while Kais control is that he solves the problems. As the story goes on the Husband tries to assure his wife that he understand what shes going through. While in the other story Kai tells Faye that his that he would never know how she really feels but he could examine and help her.In A Sorrow Woman the man behaves as if he is the protector of the woman, as if she is his queen I and he did anything that he could to dungeon her happy. The husband takes over her roles of the wife in the house, but he man soon got tired of all the thing he was doing at home and he decided to hired a girl to he lp out. The wife after seeing how the maid was doing everything for them and giving her child the love and attention he be she decided to fire her because she felt jealous. She did not want anyone to be affectionate with the child it seems as if she even wanted the kid to suffer for something unexplained. She wanted the blow to feel alone, to not have anyone care for him or to show love towards him. Firing the maid is so selfish on the wifes share because according to the book the girls upsets me (41), but really what made her upset was the love and care the girl was providing to her child and husband. Something she originally said she could not handle anymore. The wife was tired of seeing someone else do what she could not do herself. The girl whocried and said I loved the little boy, what will become of him now? (41). in this quote one could suggest that the boy was left alone, without love and attention. As if the girl knew the baby was going to suffer. The maid knew the mothe r did not want him or cared for him anymore, therefore she wanted her to think it over, to make sure if she really wanted the maid to leave. After the maid left the husband was the one to replace her, to go grocery shopping, to clean the house, to take care of his son and overall to do the things the maid was in charge of. The woman depression kept on get bigger and bigger as time pass. She decided to move to the colour room downstairs where the girl used to stay. She pretty much isolated herself from her family and everyone. The white room symbolizes emptiness, been unloved and voided by others. The woman as time passed did not even went out of the room anymore and everything had to be brought to her. Few weeks after been in the room, she woke up and decided to go and check her kitchen and realized that everything look different New dish towels. The canisters seemed closer to the sink, a new brand of butter (Godwin, 43).The woman cooked, clean the house and did the backwash all i n that very(prenominal) day, two weeks worth of work in just a couple of hours. After all the work the woman did she felt how her veins pumped and her forehead sparkled. Then she opens the cupboard and took what was hers (Godwin, 43). When the man and the boy came home and found cooked food, the house clean and all the laundry washed they were extremely surprise. The husband excited ran to the little white room and found her, the little boy said Look, Mommy is sleeping, the father right away notice that was not really sleeping. The father lay down on the bed and his face into her fresh-washed hair (Godwin, 43) In this story the mother was obviously tired of the role of a housewife. She became so distant with her family up to the point that she isolated herself in a little room downstairs. She blame the children for feeling the way she feels. She did not wanted anyone to give the child love because for her he basically ruined her life. She loved her husband but at time she felt like she was not part of the family. At the end she decided to cook and clean the house for the last time and then took her own life. In Both stories A Sorrowful Woman and A Secret Sorrow the narrator peachs about a woman who struggle to fit in their family environment. They portray unhappiness in their lives and how this is affecting them. The tittle of thetwo stories fix perfectly since the infrastructure of both deals around sorrowful emotions. Even both narrators have the same idea of sorrow they express it in different ways. For example in A Sorrowful Woman the woman The stories have the titles that deals with sorrow to show the main theme of the stories that revolve around sorrowful feelings (Godwin). In A Sorrowful Woman, the woman appears not to be identified. She experiences sorrowful emotions in her family, whereby she does not even speak with the family members. turnaround to the first story, in A Secret Sorrow, Faye, the main character of the story, appears to be unhappy because of the fact that she could not conceive any children.Thus, the main remainder in the both stories is the fact that Faye dreams about a family, which the unidentified woman in the Gails story already has. They both experience sorrow for dissimilar reasons in the family set up (Zee). It is very important to clearly see the differences between these two stories. One might judge the stories by the title, by the fact that they both have to do with sorrow. That cannot be done because these two stories acquaint us with totally different types of sorrowful situations. The women from the two stories have very different reason for their fear and sorrow. Faye, from the first story mourns over the fact that she will not be able to have her own kids and if she marries Kai then she will be a disappointment to him for her inability. In the spot story the woman fears of her role as a wife, she decides that she has had enough of raising a child. She wants to abandon her duties as a wife and become carefree person as she once was. She wants to start loving herself over anyone else, to live a self-centered life doing things that she wants to do. The reason she killed herself was because of the lonesomeness and worthlessness she felt living her life for herself. The men supported their women in very different ways. Had the man from the second story supported his wife same as Kai supported Faye, his wife might have gotten better and returned to her family. Kai supported Faye in two very important ways, physically, and emotionally. Physically, Kai supported her with his strong bronze turn over that represent strength and endurance. Kai supported her emotionally by repetition of the fact that he loves her and that no matter what they will go through this together. In the second story, the man supports his wife only physically as he carries her, undresses her, brings her drought. If only the man in the second story tried to connect with heremotionally, try to talk with h er about how she feels, and try to find ways how to solve this problem without going public, he might have made her feel needed.

Hunger Artist

Franz Kafkas A hurt creative person was written in 1922. The short story is about a man who uses fasting (a variety show of art) as a sense of fulfillment to himself. The foods of life, were not to his liking. Furthermore, his cast of fulfillment was the sight-seeing and interaction with the fans. Fans were amazed by him. His ability to starve himself inside a petty barred cage(Kafka 9) was intriguing to most everybody wanted to see him at least once a sidereal day. The time and place of the short story is unidentified.The subroutine of the fast would usually conclusion up until the forty day mark. The Hunger Artist is a man who starves himself, not because he couldnt eat it was because he craved the attention as seen in his last moments of life, when he tells a fan I couldnt find the food I liked (Kafka P. 9) convey he couldnt attain the satisfaction from his audience. As a reader we sense a form of confusion or darkness when reading the text. This form of satisfaction is f ar from bizarre.I would say, it is safe to say that each person has a personal interest that we like to do that one may find weird. Although it may be bizarre to some population. Most battalion came to see the Hunger Artist At one time the whole town took a rattling interest in the hunger artist from day to day of his fast, the excitement mounted everybody wanted to see him at least once a day(Kafta 5-7). We live in a society, where weird sparks great interest. This was the Hunger Artists form of satisfaction, he was a attention fiend, he was fueled by the masses of people coming out to see him.We can relate this to a toddler and his older siblings. When a child does something that causes a positive reaction or answer by an otherwise person (usually someone older) they tend to insist on doing it again. Why? because physcologically, the toddler feeds from this attention, very similar to the Artist. The masses of people were amazed at the Hunger Artist. His one of a kind ability, amazed children The children stood open mouthed(Kafka 14).People would come in anticipation to see this bizarre figure labeled as the Hunger Artist. His palid body in b lose tights, with his ribs sticking out (Kafta 16) were one of the many reasons why people would come with the family as a whole, to see this form of entertainment, if you leave alone. Eventually, people who came to see the Artist in his fast, started to find this matter impossible. Fans took it so far that they felt a sense of obligation to see if the Hunger Artist was chisel or if this display was factual.Thewatchers who sat up to the bars, were the ones not content with with the dim night lighting of the hallthey focused on him in full illumination of the electric pocket torch given them by the impresario(Kafka 47-49). We can relate this to a magician, people usually tend to see what the magician is doing to scratch the spectator, but usually the spectator wont find out what the magician is doing to fool the overseer. In exchange the magician would feed off this attention and pass on in his expertise, similar to the Hunger Artists fasting.As time went on, like most things, the Hunger Artist lost his touch and people were loosing interest in the Hunger Artist. This lack of interest came about so suddenly. For meanwhile the aforementioned change in public interest was set in it seemed to happen almost overnightat any rate the pampered hunger artist suddenly found himself deserted one fine day by the amusement seekers who went streaming past him to other more-favored attractions(Kafta 17-20) The fans easily forgout about the enduring Hunger Artist, and for that, he had to settle for a new location.He had to go to a circus where conditions were even harsher and people were not recognizing him anymore. No one recognized him anymore and all that he worked for was flushed down the drain. The artist was dictated in the most isolated area of the circus in the dark, opposed to the heavenly lig ht where he once was before he relocated to the circus. Suprisingly, one day an overseer who use to see the Hunger Artist in his prime passed by. He took a peek at the cage, out of curiousity, he recognized the Hunger Artist.The Artist felt a sense of offense that he let down the fans and his reation to the overseer was Forgive me everybody(Page 276). As words were exchanged between the Hunger Artist and the overseer, it led to the explanation of why the Hunger Artist doesnt cherish the so called foods of life and tended to al delegacys fast for his sense of satisfaction from the attention. If I had found the food I liked, study me, I should have made no fuss and stuffed myself like your or anyone else.These were his last words, but in his dimming eyes there remained the firm though no longer proud persuasion that he was still continuing to fast(Kafta 10-14). We can say the Hunger Artist only wanted the fans attention and he admires the appreciation of Others. The foods of life we rent enough for him because the fans presense were his nutrition. One may question, Why is the Hunger Artist this way? What may his childhood be like? Was he deprieved of attention as a kid?I find it quite ironic that in the last moments of the Hunger Artists life, he is last seen with an overseer. The overseer was shocked to see him and still thought he was crazy now, just like he thought he was crazy when he used to see him in his prime. This craziness is what dragged the masses in his prime to come see him in his during his time of shine yet now, that craziness has become a flaw and no one cared about him anymore. The attention he once craved has deminished.It is quite ironic that the author does this. Its like the Kafta wants the audience to know that in the end, even though the Hunger Artist has led to many overseers to label him as crazy he will still be remembered and has gained the respect of many. In the end, the Hunger Artist comes to his downfall and dies. They bury him with hay straws and he is left with what he arrived with once he was placed in the circus. Its like the clock was ticking until his death call arrived and was replaced by a youthful black panther.Some people will never be understood in society. Some do amazing things and others do unsual things. In all honesty the Hunger Artist wasnt looked at for his amazement. He was looked upon as unusual, but the Hunger Artist fed off this attention. People just love to be curious espically to unusual things, we like to judge people and he was judged to be crazy. All in all, it is safe to say that in us all, we seek attention, some more than others, and the Hunger Artist wanted just that. He was a attention fiend.

Johannine Literature Essay

Five books in the New Testament are said to have been written by John. But thither are arguments that say that not all three letters of John were written by the same author. It is so because the news show Church (Ecclesia) does not come out of the closet in the forth Gospel and in 1 and 2 John. Another challenge to the Johannine ecclesiology is offered marked opposition to outsiders, whether to the world, Jews, Christians. Has the association of Johhanine Christians become a sect? implication a religious group that broke away from an established larger religion.Scroggs argues that the whole early Christian act was sectarian for it met the following characteristics of a sect. sect seeks to restore traditional beliefs and practices in doing so rejects many of societies values but not in a threatening manner. 1,It emerged out of an agrarian protest movement 2,It rejected many of the realities claimed by the establishment of wealth, of religious institutions of theological intellect uals. 3,It was egalitarian 4,It offered special love and acceptance within 5,It was a voluntary organization 6,It demanded resume commitment of its members 7,It was apocalyptic.With this understanding of sect, the Christian community known to us through the forth Gospel and Johannine Epistles was a sect as part of the larger Christian sectarian movement. Relationship with the letters Style, tone, thought indicates that they are from the same author. A,Intimacy with God and sinlessness. B,Keeping the commandment. C,Brotherly love D, Eschatology 1,Concept of sin. vileness plays an important part in the teaching of Jesus in Johns Gospel. The approach of sin is slightly different from the synoptic eg John 129 . 1 Jn15, sin is also linked with ignorance of God.Sin as alienation from God 524 Sin as unbelief 15 22-24 Sin as ignorance Sin as mortal 316, 1Jn 225 Sin as universal 1Jn 18, 216 Sin as lawlessness 2,Humanity of Jesus, Jn 114 The newsworthiness became fresh, 1 Jn 11, heard seen touched of the word. 3,Sinlessness of Jesus, 844,48, 1Jn35 1Jn 21 Jesus the righteous 4,Messia,141, 1127 confession of Martha. 5,Lord, Johhannine does not use the word much until after the resurrection. 6, Son of God, His main purpose is that his readers may believe Jesus as son of God, sent by the Father, Love of the father to the son, dependency of the son to the Father,Exclusive revelation of the father ( He alone has seen the Father 624). 7,Jesus as the Logos This is different from the synoptic. John emphasizes that Jesus was the word The word is the image of God The word as Gods first born In the gospel John does not discus the Virgin Birth, there are no references to this, no birth narratives. In the place of the birth narratives he includes a prologue which focuses on the incarnation of the Logos.Origin of Johannine community Despite the conversion of the community there are significant agreement on at least two stages in the Johannine development. Early period the communi ty consisted of Jews whose belief in Jesus involved a relatively low Christology . Later appeared high Christology which brought Johns community into sharp conflict with the jews who regarded this as blasphemy. This caused friction. Issues between the pursual of John Baptist and Johhannine community, issues of the erotic love disciple who the fourth gospels makes him the hero in the community, distress in the community over this beloved disciple. It made the community distinct because the claim to posses the receive of the beloved disciple enabled them to efend their peculiar insight in Christology and ecclesiology.High Christology Significantly cleansing of the Temple is placed at the beginning and only starts with hostility. John starts where others intermit with. Jesus passes over Samaria and wins the whole village to believe that he was the saviour of the world. According to Acts 81-25,It is indicated that it was years after resurrection of Jesus that Christianity was brough t to Samaria by Hellenist preacher Phillip. The followers of John the Baptist had conflicts with the Samaritan followers after their conversion, they were rejected by the Jews.

Outline and Evaluate research into the effects of deprivation Essay

Deprivation refers the disruption of attachment that has already been made. Bowlby has conducted a case study of little John whose mother was admitted to the hospital and he showed effect of lilliputian term deprivation. He found that he had gone through 3 st come alongs which he called the PDD sequence (Protest, Despair and Detachment).At first when he was separated from his mother, he showed signs of protest and he was crying, shouting and shows signs of desperate attempts to get his mother to return.But after a period of time, he appeared to be calmer but showed signs of depression, these include refusing to bury and play. At last, he rejected his mother at reunion although he looked okay on the surface. Criticism for the study is that it is a case study of an individual, so it cannot be generalized to the public.Bowlbly has also conducted a study on 44 juvenile thieves. He consultationed 44 antheral teenage criminal who displayed affectionless psychopathy to determine if th ey hit experienced early separation in the first 2 years of age. He has found that 12 out of 14 affectionless psychopaths had experienced extensive separation from mothers in the first 2 years.And 5 out of 30 who were not affectionless psychopaths had experienced deprivation. So he had jumped to the conclusion that deprivation before the age of two will lead to affection psycopathy and this supports his idea of critical period.However, his assumption is too big as he was trying to draw a perk up and effect. He had not manipulated the variables and this is only a correlation study. Also, he has not taken into the account of what had happened during the period between 2 years old and teenage years. The boys may have other experiences e.g. joined a gang and that had lead them into being affectionless psychopaths.Also, the sample size is small and he has only used male participants in his study, so the sample is not representative and this study cannot be generalized.Bowlby wanted to use this study to proof his theory and he used an interview approach in this study. He might have asked leading question and lead the participants into answering the answers that he wanted. So this study may not be truthful. And this research is retrospective, which he had the participants to talk about their past, and memory could be distorted and may not give accurate answer.Moreover, there may be potential self-serving bias in the teenage boys as they may want to make excuses for their behaviour, so they may blame the situation and make themselves to appear in good light.Furthermore, Bowlby has suggested a maternal deprivation hypothesis. He proposed that a child needs continuous presence of a primary care giver in the first 1.5 to 2 years of age. Or else they will suffer from long term effects of deprivation, these include mental retardation, depression, affectionless psychopathy, etc. However, Rutters study on privated Rumanian orphans has suggested effects of privation can be overcome as it was shown that there wasnt long term damaging effects in the orphans after they have been adopted to a loving home.